К проблеме посттравматического личностного роста: современное состояние и перспективы

Авторы

  • Анна Зелянина
  • Мария Падун

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v10i53.380

Ключевые слова:

травматический стресс, посттравматический стресс, посттравматический личностный рост, предикторы посттравматического личностного роста

Аннотация

Представлены результаты теоретического анализа феномена посттравматического личностного роста: определено понятие посттравматического личностного роста, проанализированы теории, объясняющие механизмы роста, а также выявлены предикторы данного явления. Установлено, что под посттравматическим личностным ростом понимается субъективный опыт позитивного психологического изменения после воздействия на человека стрессора, угрожающего жизни. Позитивные изменения, которые описываются людьми, переживающими ПТЛР, представлены пятью факторами: отношение к другим; новые возможности; сила личности; духовные изменения; повышение ценности жизни. Описаны две основные теории посттравматического личностного роста. Сделан вывод о том, что представления остаются односторонними, поскольку данные теории в качестве пускового механизма посттравматического личностного роста рассматривают исключительно когнитивные процессы, происходящие после травмы. Вместе с тем анализ опубликованных данных показал, что в качестве предикторов посттравматического личностного роста целесообразно также рассматривать социально-демографические характеристики, показатели здоровья, индивидуально-психологические характеристики, предикторы, связанные с травматическим событием, а центральное место должно отводиться когнитивным процессам и структурам, которые позволяют оценить событие в индивидуальном ключе не только как угрожающее, но и как источник роста. Установлено, что показатели посттравматического личностного роста сопряжены как с общими, так и со специфическими для разных видов травм факторами. Большое значение имеют также данные о сопряженности выраженного посттравматического стресса и роста. Выявлено, что посттравматический стресс и посттравматический личностный рост сосуществуют в одном человеке, и есть мнение, что выраженный стресс является предиктором роста на отдаленных этапах переживания травмы, а не наоборот.

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Авторы

Анна Зелянина

Зелянина Анна Николаевна. Кандидат психологических наук, доцент, Высшая школа психологии и педобразования, Северный (Арктический) Федеральный университет им. М.В.Ломоносова, наб. Северной Двины, д. 17, 163002 Архангельск, Россия. E-mail: zelyanina-anna@yandex.ru

Мария Падун

Падун Мария Анатольевна. Кандидат психологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория психологии развития субъекта в нормальных и посттравматических состояниях, Институт психологии Российской академии наук, ул. Ярославская, д. 13, кор. 1, 129366 Москва, Россия. E-mail: maria_padun@inbox.ru

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Опубликован

15.06.2017

Как цитировать

Зелянина, А., & Падун, М. (2017). К проблеме посттравматического личностного роста: современное состояние и перспективы. Психологические исследования, 10(53). https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v10i53.380

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