Аутоагрессия и психологические аспекты восприятия тела при депрессии
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v15i81.1072Ключевые слова:
депрессия, самоповреждения, суицидальный риск, восприятие тела, объективация тела, соматизация, деперсонализацияАннотация
Приводятся результаты анализа связи самоповреждающего поведения и различных показателей телесных представлений и ощущений у подростков и молодых женщин, страдающих депрессией. В исследовании приняли участие 85 пациенток в возрасте от 16 до 25 лет, страдающие эндогенной депрессией. Использовались опросник SCL-90-R, Шкала инвестиций в тело (BIS), Шкала «Сравнения с окружающими» (PACS-R), Шкала удовлетворенности телом (BSS), Кембриджская шкала деперсонализации (CDS). Ответ на вопрос «Иногда я намеренно травмирую себя» использовался в качестве показателя причинения себе вреда. Выявлена связь самоповреждающего поведения и эмоциональных, когнитивных, поведенческих особенностей восприятия своего тела: более негативный образ тела (неудовлетворенность его отдельными частями и телом в целом) находит отражение в поведенческих проявлениях – сниженная «Защита», более высокие показатели самонаблюдения и сравнения себя с другими, деперсонализации, телесной диссоциации, соматизации. Для молодых женщин с депрессиями показано, что при самоповреждениях тело «обесценивается», воспринимается как «плохое», игнорируется необходимость его защиты. Выраженность самоповреждений напрямую коррелирует с явлениями соматопсихической деперсонализации. Полученные результаты могут свидетельствовать о том, что неприятие своего тела, «отчужденное» отношение и лишение тела «субъектности» может способствовать его использованию в качестве инструмента для решения психологических проблем, что является фактором риска развития, закрепления и утяжеления самоповреждающего поведения. При психотерапевтическом воздействии важно рассматривать возможность работы с патологией восприятия тела как дополнение к работе со способностью к эмоциональной регуляции.
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