О режимах распределения внимания при усвоении визуальных пространственных закономерностей

Авторы

  • Татьяна Деева ФГБУН Институт психологии РАН, Москва, Россия

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v16i89.1398

Ключевые слова:

статистическое научение, зрительное внимание, усвоение пространственных закономерностей, восприятие зрительных ансамблей, контекстная подсказка

Аннотация

Мы обладаем способностью неосознанно выделять и выучивать закономерности расположения отдельных предметов в окружающей среде. Но какие именно когнитивные механизмы обеспечивают такую возможность? Усвоение пространственных закономерностей относится к области визуального статистического научения и обеспечивается сложным взаимодействием различных когнитивных структур. Научение пространственным паттернам происходит непреднамеренно в процессе решения различных задач, подразумевающих обработку информации о множестве объектов. Таким образом, визуальное пространственное статистическое научение представляется тесно связанным с особенностями распределения внимания. Целью предлагаемой работы является рассмотрение существующих эмпирических результатов, касающихся зависимости научения от распределения внимания при решении той или иной задачи. В статье описаны основные экспериментальные схемы, применяемые в исследованиях статистического пространственного научения. Проанализированы данные о роли фокусированного и распределенного, глобального и локального режимов внимания в визуальном статистическом научении. Рассматривается связь статистического научения и восприятия зрительных ансамблей, а также статистического научения и глобального восприятия множества. В качестве одной из типичных для пространственного статистического научения ситуаций рассматривается феномен усвоения контекстной подсказки в задаче зрительного поиска. Сопоставляются эмпирические данные о роли режимов внимания в парадигме контекстной подсказки и исходном экспериментальном подходе в области пространственного статистического научения. В заключение обсуждаются основные проблемы статистического пространственного научения и возможные направления дальнейших исследований в этой области.

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Автор

Татьяна Деева, ФГБУН Институт психологии РАН, Москва, Россия

Соискатель ученой степени кандидата наук, ФГБУН Институт психологии Российской академии наук, ул. Ярославская, 13, 129366 Москва, Россия.

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Опубликован

17.07.2023

Как цитировать

Деева, Т. (2023). О режимах распределения внимания при усвоении визуальных пространственных закономерностей. Психологические исследования, 16(89), 7. https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v16i89.1398

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