Динамика хранения иерархических репрезентаций в зрительной рабочей памяти
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v15i82.1102Ключевые слова:
иерархическое кодирование, зрительная рабочая память, сводная статистика ансамблей, забывание в рабочей памятиАннотация
Теория иерархического кодирования утверждает, что хранение объектов в зрительной рабочей памяти (ЗРП) не носит независимый характер. Наоборот – репрезентация каждого объекта является интеграцией информации об этом отдельном объекте и групповой информации обо всех запоминаемых объектах (например, среднем значении признака) [Brady & Alvarez, 2011]. Данное исследование направлено на изучение динамики хранения иерархических репрезентаций в ЗРП. Испытуемым на 500 мс предъявлялись четыре треугольника разной ориентации, и спустя 1\4\7 секунд удержания в памяти они должны были отчитаться об ориентации одного из треугольников или о средней ориентации всех фигур. Перед началом предъявления давалась подсказка, сообщающая об ориентации, подлежащей запоминанию: одного треугольника, всех четырёх или средней ориентации. С помощью модели смешения оценивалась вероятность нахождения репрезентации в памяти, ее точность и смещение к среднему признаку. Не было обнаружено различий в динамике хранения отдельных элементов иерархической репрезентации (среднего и индивидуальных значений), что свидетельствует в пользу предположения о том, что формирование иерархических репрезентаций в ЗРП связано с особым кодированием материала, а не с особенностями процесса хранения разных частей иерархической репрезентации. Точность и вероятность нахождения репрезентации в памяти снижались со временем, что свидетельствует об одновременном действии процессов «угасания» и «внезапной смерти» в ЗРП.
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