Эмоциональная дифференцированность: определение, варианты операционализации, перспективы исследований
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v14i79.120Ключевые слова:
эмоциональная дифференцированность, регуляция эмоций, методы оценки эмоциональной дифференцированностиАннотация
Эмоциональная дифференцированность (ЭД) выражает дробность эмоционального опыта человека, то есть степень различения человеком своих эмоций. Показано, что ЭД не сводится лишь к семантической структуре эмоционального языка, которой располагает человек. ЭД обнаруживает положительную связь с эмоциональной регуляцией и разными компонентами психологического благополучия.Люди с высокой ЭД применяют более широкий круг стратегий эмоциональной регуляции, в меньшей степени склонны к употреблению алкоголя в тяжелыхжизненных ситуациях, реже проявляютагрессивное поведениев ситуации злости. Более низкие показатели ЭД обнаруживаются у людей, страдающих депрессией, социальной тревожностью,а такжеу детей с расстройством аутистического спектра.Существует множество методик, позволяющих измерить ЭД. Данная статья направлена на описание и анализ основных методик оценки ЭД, таких как:методикарегулярных оценок, методика оценки дифференцированности эмоций, вызываемых изображениями, методикаоценки дифференцированности эмоций, вызываемых значимыми людьми, методикаоценки дифференцированности гипотетических эмоций, вызываемых сценариями. В статье предлагается ряд направлений для дальнейших исследований в области ЭД, например: исследование особенностей показателей ЭД, измеряемых разными методиками; исследование стабильного и пикового уровней ЭД; исследование оптимального уровня ЭД; исследование связи ЭД положительных эмоций с регуляцией интенсивных положительных эмоций; исследование связи ЭД с распознаванием эмоций.
Скачивания
Библиографические ссылки
Cyrillic letters are transliterated according to BSI standards. The titles are given in author’s translation.
Aaron R.V., Snodgress M.A., Blain S.D., and Park S. Affect labeling and other aspects of emotional experiences in relation to alexithymia following standardized emotion inductions. Psychiatry Research, 2018, 262, 115–123. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.014
Barrett L.F. Feelings or Words? Understanding the Content in Self-Report Ratings of Experienced Emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2004, 87(2), 266–281. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.266
Barrett L.F., Gross J., Christensen T.C., and Benvenuto M. Knowing what you’re feeling and knowing what to do about it: Mapping the relation between emotion differentiation and emotion regulation. Cognition and Emotion, 2001, 15(6), 713–724. doi:10.1080/02699930143000239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930143000239
Boden M.T., Thompson R.J., Dizén M., Berenbaum H., and Baker J.P. Are emotional clarity and emotion differentiation related? Cognition and Emotion, 2013, 27(6), 961–978. doi:10.1080/02699931.2012.751899. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2012.751899
Brackett M.A., Rivers S.E., Reyes M.R., and Salovey P. Enhancing academic performance and social and emotional competence with the RULER feeling words curriculum. Learning and Individual Differences, 2012, 22, 218–224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.10.002
Carstensen L.L., Pasupathi M., Mayr U., and Nesselroade J. R. Emotional experience in everyday life across the adult life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2000, 79, 644–655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.4.644
Demiralp E., Thompson R.J., Mata J., Jaeggi S.M., Buschkuehl M., Barrett L.F., Ellsworth P.C., Demiralp M., Hernandez-Garcia L., Deldin P.J., Gotlib I.H., and Jonides J. Feeling blue or turquoise? Emotional differentiation in major depressive disorder. Psychological Science, 2012, 23(11), 1410–1416. doi:10.1177/0956797612444903. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612444903
Erbas Y., Ceulemans E., Blanke E.S., Sels L., Fischer A., and Kuppens P. Emotion differentiation dissected: between-category, within-category, and integral emotion differentiation, and their relation to well-being. Cognition & emotion, 2019, 33(2), 258–271. doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1465894. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2018.1465894
Erbas Y., Ceulemans E., Boonen J., Noens I., and Kuppens P. Emotion differentiation in autism spec-trum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2013, 7(10), 1221–1227. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.07.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.07.007
Erbas Y., Ceulemans E., Lee Pe M., Koval P., and Kuppens P. Negative emotion differentiation: its personality and well-being correlates and a comparison of different assessment methods. Cognition & emotion, 2014, 28(7), 1196–1213. doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.875890. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2013.875890
Erbas Y., Kalokerinos E.K., Kuppens P., van Halem S., and Ceulemans E. Momentary Emotion Dif-ferentiation: The Derivation and Validation of an index to Study Within-Person Fluctuations in Emotion Differentiation. Assessment, 2021. doi:10.1177/1073191121990089. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/v6u7t
Erbas Y., Sels L., Ceulemans E., and Kuppens P. Feeling me, feeling you: The relation between emotion differentiation and empathic accuracy. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2016, 7(3), 240–247. doi:10.1177/1948550616633504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550616633504
Gini C. Measurement of inequality of incomes. The Economic Journal, 1921, 31, 124–126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2223319
Giraudeau B. Negative values of the intraclass correlation coefficient are not theoretically possible. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 1996, 49(10), 1205–1206. doi:10.1016/0895-4356(96)00053-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(96)00053-4
Grossmann I., Gerlach T.M., and Denissen J.J. Wise reasoning in the face of everyday life challenges. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2016 7(7), 611-622. doi:10.1177/1948550616652206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550616652206
Grossmann I., Huynh A.C., and Ellsworth P.C. Emotional complexity: Clarifying definitions and cultural correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2016, 111(6), 895-916. doi:10.1037/pspp0000084. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000084
Israelashvili J., Oosterwijk S. Sauter D., and Fischer A. Knowing me, knowing you: emotion differentiation in oneself is associated with recognition of others’ emotions, Cognition and Emotion, 2019, 33(7), 1461-1471, doi:10.1080/02699931.2019.1577221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2019.1577221
Kang S.M., and Shaver P.R. Individual differences in emotional complexity: Their psychological implications. Journal of Personality, 2004, 72, 687–726. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00277.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00277.x
Kashdan T.B., Barrett L.F., and McKnight P.E. Unpacking emotion differentiation transforming unpleasant experience by perceiving distinctions in negativity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2015, 24(1), 10–16. doi:10.1177/0963721414550708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414550708
Kashdan T.B., and Farmer A.S. Differentiating emotions across contexts: Comparing adults with and without social anxiety disorder using random, social interaction, and daily experience sampling. Emotion, 2014, 14, 629–638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035796
Kashdan T.B., Ferssizidis P., Collins R.L., and Muraven M. Emotion differentiation as resilience against excessive alcohol use: An ecological momentary assessment in underage social drinkers. Psychological Science, 2010, 21(9), 1341–1347. doi:10.1177/0956797610379863. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610379863
Kircanski K., Lieberman M.D., and Craske M.G. Feelings into words: Contributions of language to exposure therapy. Psychological Science, 2012, 23, 1086–1091. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612443830
Lang P.J., Bradley M.M., and Cuthbert B.N. International Affective Pictures System (IAPS): Technical manual and affective ratings (tech.Rep.A-4). Gainesville: University of Florida, Center for Research in Psychophysiology, 1995.
Meers K., Dejonckheere E., Kalokerinos E.K., Rummens K., and Kuppens P. mobileQ: A free user-friendly application for collecting experience sampling data. Behavior Research Methods, 2020, 52(4), 1510–1515. doi:10.3758/s13428-019-01330-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01330-1
Mikkelsen M.B., O’Toole M.S., and Mehlsen M. Comparing negative emotion differentiation in young and older individuals: A picturebased study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 2020, 61, 513–517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12615
Nook E.C., Sasse S.F., Lambert H.K., McLaughlin K.A., and Somerville L.H. The Nonlinear Development of Emotion Differentiation: Granular Emotional Experience Is Low in Adolescence. Psychological Science, 2018, 29(8), 1346–1357. doi:10.1177/0956797618773357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618773357
Ong A.D., Benson L., Zautra A.J., and Ram N. Emodiversity and biomarkers of inflammation. Emotion, 2018, 18(1), 3–14. doi:10.1037/emo0000343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000343
O’Toole M.S., Renna M.E., Elkjær E., Mikkelsen M.B., and Mennin D.S. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the association between complexity of emotion experience and behavioral adaptation. Emotion Review, 2019, 12, 23–38. doi:10.1177/1754073919876019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073919876019
Ottenstein C., and Lischetzke T. Development of a Novel Method of Emotion Differentiation That Uses Open-Ended Descriptions of Momentary Affective States. Assessment, 2020, 27(8), 1928–1945. doi:10.1177/1073191119839138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191119839138
Pe M.L., Kircanski K., Thompson R.J., Bringmann L.F., Tuerlinckx F., Mestdagh M., Mata J., Jaeggi S.M., Buschkuehl M., Jonides J., Kuppens P., and Gotlib I.H. Emotion-Network Density in Major Depressive Disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 2015, 3(2), 292–300. doi:10.1177/2167702614540645. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702614540645
Pond R.S., Kashdan T.B., DeWall C.N., Savostyanova A., Lambert N.M., and Fincham F.D. Emotion differentiation moderates aggressive tendencies in angry people: A daily diary analysis. Emotion, 2012, 12(2), 326–337. doi:10.1037/a0025762. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025762
Russell J.A., Weiss A., and Mendelsohn G.A. Affect grid: A single-item scale of pleasure and arousal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1989, 57, 493–502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.493
Schimmack U., and Diener E. Affect intensity: Separating intensity and frequency in repeatedly measured affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1997, 73, 1313–1329. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1313
Selby E.A., Wonderlich S.A., Crosby R.D., Engel S.G., Panza E., Mitchell J.E., Crow S.J., Peterson C.B., and Le Grange D. Nothing Tastes as Good as Thin Feels: Low Positive Emotion Differentiation and Weight-Loss Activities in Anorexia Nervosa. Clinical Psychological Science, 2014, 2(4), 514–531. doi:10.1177/2167702613512794. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702613512794
Shrout P.E., and Fleiss J.L. Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 1979, 86(2), 420-428. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420
Smidt K. and Suvak M. A Brief, but Nuanced, Review of Emotional Granularity and Emotion Differentiation Research. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2015, 3. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.02.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.02.007
Starr L.R., Hershenberg R., Li Y.I., and Shaw Z.A. When feelings lack precision: Low positive and negative emotion differentiation and depressive symptoms in daily life. Clinical Psychological Science, 2017, 5(4), 613-631. doi:10.1177/2167702617694657. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617694657
Starr L.R., Hershenberg R., Shaw Z.A., Li Y.I., and Santee A.C. The perils of murky emotions: Emo-tion differentiation moderates the prospective relationship between naturalistic stress exposure and adolescent depression. Emotion, 2019, 20, 927–938. doi:10.1037/emo0000630. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000630
Starr L.R., Shaw Z.A., Li Y.I., Santee A.C., and Hershenberg R. Negative emotion differentiation through a developmental lens: Associations with parental factors and age in adolescence. Personality and Individual Differences, 2020, 152. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109597
Thompson R., Springstein T., and Boden M. Gaining clarity about emotion differentiation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2021, 1-14. doi:10.1111/spc3.12584. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12584
Tomko R.L., Lane S.P., Pronove L.M., Treloar H.R., Brown W.C., Solhan M.B., Wood P.K., and Trull T.J. Undifferentiated negative affect and impulsivity in borderline personality and depressive disorders: A momentary perspective. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2015, 124, 740–753. doi:10.1037/abn0000064. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000064
Van der Gucht K., Dejonckheere E., Erbas Y., Takano K., Vandemoortele M., Maex E., Raes F., and Kuppens P. An experience sampling study examining the potential impact of a mindfulnessbased intervention on emotion differentiation. Emotion, 2019, 19(1), 123–131. doi:10.1037/emo0000406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000406
Zaki L.F., Coifman K.G., Rafaeli E., Berenson K.R., and Downey G. Emotion differentiation as a protective factor against nonsuicidal self‐injury in borderline personality disorder. Behavior Therapy, 2013, 44, 529–540. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.04.008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.04.008
Загрузки
Опубликован
Выпуск
Раздел
Лицензия
Copyright (c) 2021 Психологические исследования
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование») 4.0 Всемирная.
