Психологические особенности распознавания эмоций у дошкольников при разном уровне культурной конгруэнтности
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v11i61.265Ключевые слова:
распознавание эмоций, нормативная ситуация, культурная конгруэнтность, дошкольный возраст, NEPSY-IIАннотация
Представлены результаты эмпирического исследования распознавания эмоций у дошкольников при разном уровне соответствия их поведения инвариантным культурным правилам, типичным для данного возраста. В основу исследования была положена модель уровневой организации эмоциональной сферы, согласно которой ее последовательная дифференциация проходит экстернальный, ментальный и рефлексивный уровни. Тестовая батарея включала методики, позволяющие определить разные аспекты распознавания эмоций, в том числе субтесты тестовой батареи NEPSY – II. Исследование проводилось в 2017–2018 годах в детских садах Республики Татарстан. Выборку составили дошкольники в возрасте 5–6 лет (N = 225) и их матери (N = 225). В процессе исследования удалось выделить группы детей с разным уровнем культурной конгруэнтности и показать особенности распознавания эмоций у детей в данных группах. Было обнаружено, что точность распознавания эмоций по лицам (вне ситуативного контекста) в большей степени свойственна детям с высокой и низкой культурной конгруэнтностью. Эти же группы детей характеризовались более высоким уровнем тревоги в социальных ситуациях. В то же время точность распознавания определенных эмоций по лицевой экспрессии, а также распознавание и понимание эмоций других людей в контексте ситуации не показали достоверной связи с уровнем культурной конгруэнтности. Причем различие в понимании социального контекста ситуации и причин переживаемых эмоций между исследованными группами прослеживалось в виде тенденций и зависело от содержания предложенных детям ситуаций и того, как в конкретных ситуациях сочетались смысловые и эмоциональные аспекты.
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