Нейропсихологические особенности детей с расстройством координации движений: аналитический обзор зарубежных исследований
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v6i29.691Ключевые слова:
нейропсихология, ребенок, нейрокогнитивные расстройства, координация движений, моторное развитие, зрительно-пространственное восприятие, кинестетическое восприятие, управляющие функции, внимание, обучение, динамические (темповые) характеристики деятельности, автоматизация навыковАннотация
Представлен аналитический обзор современных зарубежных исследований расстройства координации движений (developmental coordination disorder, или developmental dyspraxia). Расстройство координации движений – широко изучаемая в зарубежной психологии аномального развития форма дизонтогенеза. В современных работах фокус исследования данной проблемы все больше расширяется и вовлекает не только детальный анализ собственно моторных функций, но и оценку различных параметров когнитивного функционирования в соответствии с гипотезой о комплексном нейропсихологическом характере данного расстройства. Показано, что для детей с расстройством координации движений характерны дефицит переработки зрительно-пространственной и кинестетической информации, слабость управляющих функций и внимания, модально-неспецифические нарушения памяти, дефицит темповой (динамической) составляющей деятельности. Особое внимание в данном обзоре уделяется проблеме автоматизации двигательных и интеллектуальных навыков и ее синдромообразующей роли для данного расстройства. Все указанные нарушения свидетельствуют о комплексном характере дефицита при расстройстве координации движений, выводящем его за пределы чисто моторной дисфункции.
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