В погоне за инсайтом: современные подходы и методы измерения инсайта в когнитивной психологии

Авторы

  • Надежда Морошкина
  • Артур Аммалайнен
  • Алина Савина

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v13i74.163

Ключевые слова:

инсайт, ага-переживание, переструктурирование, субъективные отчеты, решение задач

Аннотация

Дискуссия вокруг феномена инсайта ведется на протяжении уже более 100 лет. При этом в последние годы наметился новый тренд в исследованиях, свидетельствующий о пересмотре самих критериев выделения инсайтного решения в качестве предмета исследования. Если ранее исследователи в основном концентрировали свое внимание на когнитивном компоненте этого феномена, то в последние годы интерес сместился к изучению аффективного компонента (ага-переживания). Однако большое разнообразие способов фиксации инсайта затрудняет сопоставление результатов экспериментальных исследований и не позволяет прийти к однозначным выводам о связи двух компонентов. В статье рассматриваются проблемы классического определения инсайта, анализируются новые методы фиксации его когнитивного и аффективного компонентов, а также полученные с их помощью результаты. На основе проделанного анализа выделены три подхода к определению инсайта. В рамках первого подхода инсайт определяется как специфический когнитивный механизм, при этом ага-переживание рассматривается как маркер включения данного механизма в процесс решения задачи. Второй подход предполагает, что в процессе решения ага-переживание выполняет важную функцию в нахождении ответа наравне с когнитивными процессами, – соответственно, инсайт может быть назван когнитивно-аффективным феноменом. Третий подход заключается в присвоении инсайту статуса метакогнитивного феномена; авторы придерживаются мнения, что инсайт проявляется в особенностях мониторинга и оценки найденного решения, а не в специфике протекания процессов решения. Подчеркивается необходимость проведения большего числа исследований, в которых бы одновременно и независимо фиксировались когнитивный и аффективный компоненты инсайта, с целью прояснения характера связи между ними.

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Авторы

Надежда Морошкина

Морошкина Надежда Владимировна. Кандидат психологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Института когнитивных исследований, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Университетская наб., д. 7/9, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Россия E-mail: moroshkina.n@gmail.com

Артур Аммалайнен

Аммалайнен Артур Вадимович. Инженер-исследователь Института когнитивных исследований, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, аспирант кафедры общей психологии, факультет психологии, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Университетская наб., д. 7/9, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Россия E-mail: ammartturi@gmail.com

Алина Савина

Савина Алина Игоревна. Аспирант кафедры общей психологии, факультет психологии, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Университетская наб., д. 7/9, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Россия E-mail: alinasavn@gmail.com

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31.12.2020

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Морошкина, Н., Аммалайнен, А., & Савина, А. (2020). В погоне за инсайтом: современные подходы и методы измерения инсайта в когнитивной психологии . Психологические исследования, 13(74). https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v13i74.163

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