Телесные иллюзии: феноменология, механизмы, экспериментальные модели
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v7i38.589Ключевые слова:
психология телесности, восприятие тела, соматоперцепция, мультисенсорная интеграция, образ тела, схема тела, чувство обладания телом, телесные иллюзии, иллюзия резиновой рукиАннотация
Представлен обзор исследований телесных иллюзий – мультимодальных феноменов, возникающих в соматосенсорной сфере в результате моделирования особых условий восприятия. Рассказывается об экспериментальных моделях формирования этих иллюзий, а также предлагается анализ механизмов восприятия тела, лежащих в их основе. Описаны локальные иллюзии («иллюзия резиновой руки», «иллюзия изменяющегося лица» и др.), а также иллюзии, в которые вовлекается все тело целиком (например, «иллюзия обмена телами», «опыт внетелесного существования»). Эксперименты сгруппированы по основным изменениям, которые они вызывают в схеме тела: обладание искусственным объектом как частью своего тела; искажение отдельных характеристик тела; добавление (удвоение) элемента схемы тела. Феномены, полученные в этих экспериментах, сопоставляются с различными неврологическими и психопатологическими симптомами нарушения восприятия тела.
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