Проблема сознательной и бессознательной манипуляции
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v6i28.714Ключевые слова:
манипуляция, макиавеллизм, проективная идентификацияАннотация
Рассматривается феноменологическое и теоретическое разнообразие представлений о манипуляции, для которых общей выступает тема контроля, управляемого поведения другого человека без учета его собственных потребностей и эмоций. Важным критерием различения, определяющим прагматические эффекты манипуляции, удовлетворяемые потребности, стратегии и соотнесенность с этическими нормами, является осознанный или бессознательный характер манипуляции. Если макиавеллизм, как система осознанных установок и соответствующих манипулятивных стратегий, опирается на инструментальные потребности, то проективная идентификация, как ранняя – защитная – форма манипуляции, служит витальным потребностям и, в этом смысле, аэтична. Тем не менее избыточность как сознательных, так и бессознательных форм манипуляции указывает на внутреннее неблагополучие: макиавеллизм, по данным разных исследований, связывается с комплексом дисфункциональных черт, а проективная идентификация, как примитивная защита, является частью пограничного уровня организации личности.
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