Purpose in Life Test: The Russian Adaptation of the PIL Test on Older Adults

Abstract

The Purpose in Life (PIL) test, developed by J. Crumbaugh and L. Maholick represents one of the most relevant tools for assessing the presence of purpose and meaning in life. Here we aimed to adapt the Russian version of the PIL specifically in older adults. The study involved 202 participants aged 60 to 90 years.

The internal consistency of the PIL test was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which demonstrated high reliability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to examine the underlying factor structure of the scale. Correlations between the PIL and the measures of well-being, subjective happiness, and depression were examined to assess the convergent and divergent validity of the scale.

The Russian version of the PIL demonstrated one-factor structure with acceptable goodness-of-fit indices and high test–retest reliability. Significant positive correlations between the PIL scores and well-being scales provided evidence for convergent validity. Additionally, significant negative correlations were found between PIL scores and measures of depression, supporting the divergent validity of the scale. Item 15, which addressed readiness/unreadiness for death, exhibited a low factor loading. It was consequently excluded from the scale due to its low contribution to the overall construct being measured. Furthermore, the findings indicated higher scores on life goals among elderly individuals with higher education.

In conclusion, the Russian version of the PIL represents a reliable and valid tool for studying the purpose in life and subjective well-being among older respondents. It holds potential for use in psychological counseling and psychotherapy.