Problem of subjectivity in the logic of cultural-historical approach

Abstract

In article the ideas of the concept "subject" and the phenomenon of subjectivity widespread in psychology, philosophy and linguistics are analyzed. Initially the term "subject" bears in itself various meanings. If in linguistics this concept designates only an object of a speech, then in psychology the subject is understood as the human being allocated with consciousness and capacity to act logically. Bases of these subject abilities are least explained in logic of scientific research as they belong not to observed forms of the real things, but to the characteristics of processes deprived of substance’s shape. Concepts worked out by Hegel, J.Piaget, L.S.Vygotsky, P.J.Galperin and A.N.Leontiev are considered, ideas of subjectivity’s foundations, sources of thinking logic are compared. As the aspiration to understand bases of subjectivity directs psychology to the analysis of what isn't represented in visible forms, theoretical concepts of subjectivity is problematic to coordinate with scientific requirements of substantiality. J.Piaget desired to explain scientifically the logic of person’s intelligent by the sequence of the child’s organization of actions. As a basis of the process of formation of logical intelligent he has entered idea of "coordination" of actions, however this representation, key for understanding of logical thinking, left without theoretical explanation. Therefore the inexplicable process organizing logical schemes of intelligence began to play a major role in a picture of scientific interpretation of sources of subjectivity. Hegel has put prerequisites of cultural -historical approach to the analysis of subjectivity, but has taken away sources of subjectivity from the borders of material world. The world spirit which is embodied both in the history of mankind, and in subjectivity of people has acted as the basis of subjectivity in Hegel’s concept. Such idea of subjectivity didn’t correspond with ambitions of the personal activity which has captured Russia in the 20-th century. People wanted to see themselves as the subjects of history. L.S.Vygotsky and A.N.Leontiev have accepted the idea of social determination of personality’s subjectivity, but didn't raise the question of the initial fundamentals of logic defining the organization of social activity.