The study of the processes of socialization and individualization of children under school age

Abstract

Successful socialization of children of senior preschool age in the space of interaction with peers is one of the predictors of successful social development in general. The modern social situation has a significant impact on the nature of communication and interaction of children with peers. The study of the features of socialization and individualization in the space of interaction with peers is an actual line of research in the social development psychology. The results of the study showed that communicative competence already in the preschool age is a complex systemic quality, which is based on the characteristics of the social perception of the child. The image of a peer in children of senior preschool age is different in that the emotional component is ahead of the development of the cognitive component in its development and determines the nature of communicative development. The degree of socialization in the space of interaction with peers is determined by the degree of success in solving communicative problems of all kinds. Communicative tasks are connected with the achievement of individual goals of circulation, also joint goals of interaction, constructive and flexible solution of problem situations and the ability to prosocial behavior. It was found that most of the children of older preschool age experience the difficulties of socialization in the space of interaction with peers. Many children have an unfavorable sociometric status, solve problem communication situations unproductive and experience difficulties in the process of achieving a joint result of interaction, only a quarter of respondents show pro-social behavior. These difficulties are caused by low sensitivity to the peer, a narrow repertoire of communication strategies and a low degree of awareness of the communication strategies used. The allocated parameters of socialization in the space of interaction with peers allow us to build individual trajectories of the communicative development of the preschool child. Individual development trajectories either expand or narrow the corridors of socialization in the space of interaction with peers. Monitoring the changes occurring in the communicative development of a preschool child and determining individual trajectories of socialization in the space of interaction with peers allows us to adequately build a system for tracking and preventing violations in this area of development.