The Conditions of Self-Compassion Development and Its Blockade

Abstract

The current study explores the processual characteristics of self-attitude manifested as self-compassion and the compassion fatigue (depletion of self-compassion), particularly in challenging life situations. Using the grounded theory method, interviews were conducted with a sample of 19 participants. Analysis of the interviews allowed to describe the process of shifting self-attitude, highlighting its causal and contextual conditions, action and interaction strategies, and consequences. The findings indicate that the development of self-compassion, as well as its absence depends more on the quality of interpersonal relationships rather than the age. Additionally, the execution of an alternative self-orientation (i.e., a shift from a dominant self-attitude in a difficult situation), is influenced by such factors as controllability, duration, globality, novelty, and the level of subjective distress elicited by the situation. The functional significance of self-criticism was also identified, revealing its role in restoring a sense of control, reducing anxiety, and achieving short-term outcomes more effectively. However, while self-compassion leads to stress reduction, problem-solving orientation, and self-reflection within the context of the situation, self-criticism is associated with long-term demotivation, avoidance, and stupor. These findings align with K. Neff's model of self-compassion. The results enrich the existing knowledge on self-compassion and contribute to a better understanding of its developmental mechanisms.