Anamnestic predictors of neurocognitive development in children and teenagers 4–17 years of age
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v19i105.2052Abstract
At present, it remains unclear to what extent anamnestic data can be used to predict age-related cognitive development. Of particular interest is the role of biological and social factors in shaping individual differences. The aim of this study was to identify anamnestic predictors of neurocognitive development in children and adolescents as assessed through neuropsychological examination. Additional objectives included: (1) deriving an empirical classification of these predictors and (2) examining whether the effects of certain predictors are mediated by age. The study sample comprised 1,004 participants aged 4–17 years (363 girls and 641 boys). All children underwent neuropsychological assessment at the Center for Testing and Development “Humanitarian Technologies” or the Psychological Center “Galton” (Moscow), at the request of their parents. Neurocognitive development was assessed using the psychometric battery “Multifactorial Investigation of Neuropsychological Development” (MIND). Anamnestic data on 22 indicators were collected through parent interviews. The results demonstrated that 9 anamnestic factors were significantly associated with neuropsychological assessment outcomes. The main predictors included sex, perinatal complications, and the timing of speech and motor development. Taken together, these predictors accounted for no more than 7.3% of the variance in overall neurocognitive development. For most predictors, except for skipping the crawling stage, their contribution was independent of the subjects’ age. The relatively small effect sizes limit the use of anamnestic data for predicting the development of an individual child. However, the identified patterns may be useful for population-level screening and for comparisons across groups. The findings are consistent with theoretical frameworks of systemic determinism and mental self-organization.
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