Primary validation of the short version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by C. Spielberger (STAI-10)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v19i106.2076Abstract
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) developed by C. Spielberger is widely used to assess anxiety as both a state and a personality trait. However, limitations in its construct validity, as well as difficulties encountered during administration and interpretation, motivated the present study aimed at developing and validating a short version of the STAI. The objective was to create a brief instrument with satisfactory psychometric properties. The total sample consisted of 1493 students from Perm State University. In the first sample (n = 997), participants completed the full version of the STAI. These data were used to reduce the scales and to construct a short form of the questionnaire (STAI-10). Item reduction was based on confirmatory factor analysis, including model fit indices (CFI, TLI, GFI, RMSEA, SRMR), coefficients of determination, factor loadings, and modification indices for each item. As a result, both the state and trait anxiety scales were reduced to five items while maintaining high levels of construct validity. The second sample (n = 392) completed the short version of the STAI along with questionnaires measuring related constructs: self-esteem, self-efficacy, extraversion, neuroticism, clinical anxiety, and depression. The obtained correlation coefficients indicate that the short version retains statistically significant associations with constructs theoretically related to anxiety. The third sample (n = 104) completed the STAI-10 twice with a one-month interval to assess test–retest reliability; data at the second measurement were obtained from 54 participants. The trait anxiety scale demonstrated high temporal stability, whereas the state anxiety scale showed acceptable stability. Overall, the findings indicate that the STAI-10 is a valid and reliable psychometric instrument that can be used to assess anxiety both as a state and as a personality trait.
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