Ethnosocial and personal predictors of intercultural communication in residents of Russian cities with different ethnic composition of the population

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of ethnosocial and personal predictors of the direction of intercultural communication. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a deeper understanding of the factors determining the success of an individual in a variety of cultural contexts, in connection with the development of globalization processes and the intensification of intercultural interaction. The success of intercultural communication can due to a number of personal characteristics. The purpose of this research is to study a number of personal characteristics (ethnic identity, tolerance and cultural intelligence) affecting the success of intercultural communication among Russian (N = 1095) living in cities with different ethnic composition of the population: monoethnic (Moscow, Volgograd, Khabarovsk), biethnic (Kazan) and multiethnic (Makhachkala). The study revealed the features of intercultural communication in cities with different ethnic composition based on a number of indicators: language identity, knowledge of languages, intensity of intercultural communication, intercultural social capital, abroad experience, subjective assessment of the impact of cultural diversity on the team, overall self-assessment of the success of the experience intercultural interaction. The highest level of the most parameters were demonstrated by residents of the biethnic and polyethnic regions. In a comparative study of indicators of cultural intelligence, tolerance and severity of types of ethnic identity, the significance of the influence of the factor of the ethnic composition of the city’s population on these phenomena was established. The most obvious differences concern the interviewed residents of biethnic and polyethnic cities compared to monoethnic cities. Positive ethnic identity and tolerance is higher among residents of biethnic and polyethnic cities than monoethnic cities with a predominance of the Russian population. At the same time, the level of heterogeneity of the ethnic composition of the population can ambiguously influence the indicators of cultural intelligence: for example, the biethnic composition of the population contributes to the highest level of cultural intelligence, while multiethnic reduces its level.