Благополучие: дефиниции, подходы, теории, структура

Наталья Анатольевна Булкина

doi:10.54359/ps.v19i107.2143

Авторы

Наталья Анатольевна Булкина Южно-российский гуманитарный институт, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v19i107.2143

Ключевые слова:

благополучие, эвдемония, гедония, междисциплинарный подход, таксономия теорий благополучия, структура благополучия

Аннотация

В статье представлен аналитический обзор современных публикаций, посвященных благополучию. Применен междисциплинарный подход, основанный на интеграции знаний в области философии и психологии благополучия. Цель — поиск объединяющей концептуальной основы благополучия на базе теоретического анализа дефиниций, подходов к изучению, теорий, структуры благополучия. Установлено, что благополучие трактуется как желаемое состояние, оценка жизни, персональное функционирование. Выявлено, что таксономия философских теорий благополучия включает объективные теории (объективного списка и реализации природы), субъективные (гедонистические, теории удовлетворения желаний и удовлетворенности жизнью), гибридные теории. Среди психологических теорий благополучия доминируют эвдемонистические и гедонистические теории, которые часто противопоставляются друг другу, а также теории, сочетающие признаки обеих парадигм. Представления о благополучии в эвдемонистических теориях больше предписывающие, чем описательные, они призывают к преобразованию людей, а не исследуют их состояние благополучия. Гедонистические теории основаны на глубинном чувственном опыте индивида как балансе наслаждения и боли. В результате можно утверждать, что благополучие — это субъективный по природе, универсальный и сопоставимый для всех людей феномен, представляющий собой благоприятное состояние человека. В дефинициях благополучия благоприятное состояние личности является ключевым, а позитивное функционирование выступает условием, коррелятом или предиктором благополучия. Гедония означает субъективное переживание удовольствия, а эвдемония — позитивное функционирование, поэтому их прямое сравнение в эмпирических исследованиях будет некорректным. В то же время анализ эмпирических исследований показал высокие корреляции между разными типами благополучия; также установлено, что показатели благополучия, относящиеся к разным категориям, могут быть объяснены одним общим фактором благополучия. Представлена иерархическая структура благополучия, где эмоциональное благополучие (гедонистическое) является базовым.

Скачивания

Данные по скачиваниям пока не доступны.

Биография автора

Наталья Анатольевна Булкина, Южно-российский гуманитарный институт, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия

Кандидат психологических наук, преподаватель, факультет практической психологии, Южно-Российский гуманитарный институт, ул. Красноармейская, д. 108/1, 344082, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия.

Библиографические ссылки

Alexandrova A. A philosophy for the science of well-being. — Oxford University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026626711800055X

Alexandrova A., Fabian M. Science of Wellbeing. — John Templeton Foundation, 2022.

Annas J. The morality of happiness. — Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Andrews F.M., Witney S.B. Social Indicators of Well-being: America's perception of quality of life. — NY, 1976. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2253-5

Aristotle. Nicomachean ethics. (D. Ross, Trans). — Oxford University Press, 2009.

Arneson R. Human flourishing versus desire satisfaction. Social Philosophy and Policy, 1999, No. 16(1), 113–142. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052500002272

Belzak W.C.M., Thrash T.M., Sim Y.Y., Wadsworth L.M. Beyond hedonic and eudaimonic well-being: Inspiration and the self-transcendence tradition. // In: The Happy Mind: Cognitive Contribu-tions to Well-Being. / M.D. Robinson, M. Eid (Eds.). — New York: Springer International Publish-ing, 2017. — Рр. 117–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58763-9_7

Benditt T. Happines. Philosophical Studies, 1974, No. 25, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00364711

Bentham J. Introduction to the principles of morals and legislation. — Minelo, NY: Dover, 1780/2007.

Biswas-Diener R., Linley P.A., Dovey H., Maltby J., Hurling R., Wilkinson J., Lyubchik N. Pleas-ure: An initial exploration. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2015, No. 16(2), 313–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9511-x

Bjørndal L.D., Nes R.B., Czajkowski N. The structure of well being: A single underlying factor with genetic and environmental influences. Quality of Life Research, 2023, No. 32, 2805–2816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-023-03437-7

Borthwick-Duffy S.A. Quality of life and quality of care in mental retardation. // In: Mental retarda-tion in the year 2000. / L. Rowitz (Ed.). — Berlin: Springcr-Verlag, 1992. — Рр. 52–66.

Bradburn N.M. The structure of psychological well-being. — Aldine Publishing Company, 1969.

Brandt R.B. A theory of the good and the right. — Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979.

Brickman P., Campbell D.T. Hedonic relativism and planning the good society. // In: Adaptation-level theory. / M.H. Appley (Ed.). — New York, NY: Academic Press, 1971. — Рр. 287–302.

Brown J.L.D., Potter S. Integrating the philosophy and psychology of well-being: An opinionated overview. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2024, No. 25(50), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-024-00763-6

Brunstein J.C. Personal goals and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psycholo-gy, 1993, No. 65, 1061–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.5.1061

Bulkina N.A. Concept of happiness in children and older adults. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudar-stvennogo universiteta, 2022, No. 24(4), 440–445. https://doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-4-440-445 (In Russian)

Bulkina N.A. Concept of Happiness in Children and Older Adults: Situational Context. SibScript, 2025, No. 27(2), 277–289. https://doi.org/10.21603/sibscript-2025-27-2-277-289 (In Russian)

Camfield L., Skevington S. On subjective well-being and quality of life. Journal of Health Psycholo-gy, 2008, No. 13(6), 764–775. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105308093860

Carlquist E., Ulleberg P., Delle Fave A., Nafstad H.E., Blakar R.M. Everyday understandings of happiness, good life, and satisfaction: Three different facets of well-being. Applied Research in Quali-ty of Life, 2016, No. 12(2), 481–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-016-9472-9

Crisp R. Hedonism reconsidered. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 2006, No. 73(3), 619–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2006.tb00551.x

Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. — New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1990.

Curren R., Boniwell I., Ryan R.M., Oades L., Brighouse H., Unterhalter E., Kristjánsson K., Ruyter D., Macleod C. Finding consensus on well-being in education. Theory and Research in Education, 2024, No. 22(2), 117–157. https://doi.org/10.1177/14778785241259852

Darwin C. The expression of the emotions in man and animals. — Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965. (Original work published 1872)

Das K.V., Jones-Harrell C., Fan Y., Ramaswami A., Orlove B., Botchwey N. Understanding subjec-tive well-being: Perspectives from psychology and public health. Public Health Reviews, 2020, No. 41, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-020-00142-5

Davis W. A theory of happiness. American Philosophical Quarterly, 1981, No. 18(2), 111–120.

Delle Fave A., Brdar I., Freire T., Vella-Brodrick D., Wissing M.P. The eudaimonic and hedonic components of happiness: Qualitative and quantitative findings. Social Indicators Research, 2011, No. 100, 185–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9632-5

Deci E.L., Ryan R.M. Motivation, personality, and development within embedded social contexts: An overview of self-determination theory. // In: The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation. — New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. — Рp. 85–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399820.013.0006

Diener E. Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 1984, No. 95, 542–575.

Diener E. The science of well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener. // In: Social Indicators Re-search, Series 37. / E. Diener (Ed.). — Springer, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6

Diener E., Lucas R.E. Personality and subjective well-being. // In: Well-being: The foundations of he-donic psychology. / D. Kahneman, E. Diener, N. Schwartz (Eds.). — New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 1999. — Рp. 213–229.

Diener E., Ryan K. Subjective well-being: A general over view. South African Journal of Psychology Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Sielkunde, 2009, No. 39, 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630903900402

Diener E., Suh E.M., Lucas R.E., Smith H.L. Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psy-chological Bulletin, 1999, No. 125(2), 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276

Diener E., Tay L., Oishi S. Rising income and the subjective well-being of nations. Journal of Per-sonality & Social Psychology, 2013, No. 104(2), 267–276. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030487

Diener E., Wirtz D., Tov W., Kim-Prieto C., Choi D., Oishi S., Biswas-Diener R. New measures of well-being: Flourishing and positive and negative feelings. // In: Assessing Well-Being: The Collected Works of Ed Diener. / E. Diener (Ed.). — Social Indicators Research. Series 39, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-412

Disabato D.J., Goodman F.R., Kashdan T.B. A hierarchical framework for the measurement of well-being. 2019.

Disabato D.J., Goodman F.R., Kashdan T.B. The hierarchical framework of wellbeing (HiFWB). Frontiers in Psychology, 2025, No. 16, 1515423. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1515423

Disabato D.J., Goodman F.R., Kashdan T.B., Short J.L., Jarden A. Different types of well-being? A cross-cultural examination of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Psychological Assessment, 2016, No. 28, 471–482. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000209

Dodge R., Daly A., Huyton J., Sanders, L. The challenge of defining well-being. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2012, No. 2(3), 222–235. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v2i3.4

Dzhidaryan I.A. The problem of general life satisfaction. Theoretical and empirical research. // In: Per-sonal consciousness in a crisis society. / I.A. Dzhidaryan, E.V. Antonova. — M.: IPRAN, 1995. — 76–94. (in Russian)

Edgerton R.B. Quality of life from a longitudinal research perspective. // In: Quality of life: Perspec-tives and issues. / R.L. Schalock (Ed.). — Washington DC: American Association on Mental Retar-dation, 1990. — Рp. 149–160.

Felce D., Perry J. Quality of life: Its definition and measurement. Research in Developmental Disabili-ties, 1995, No. 16(1), 51–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-4222(94)00028-8

Feldman F. Pleasure and the Good Life. — Oxford University Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/019926516x.001.0001

Feldman F. Whole life satisfaction concepts of happiness. Theoria, 2008, No. 74, 219–238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-2567.2008.00019.x

Fletcher G. A fresh start for the objective-list theory of well-being. Utilitas, 2013, No. 25(2), 206–220. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953820812000453

Fletcher G. Objective list theories. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Well-Being. — Taylor and Francis, 2015.

Fletcher G. Against contextualism about prudential discourse. The Philosophical Quarterly, 2019, No. 69(277), 699–720. https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqz023

Fowers B.J. An Aristotelian framework for the human good. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 2012, No. 32(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025820

Fowers B.J., Molica C.O., Procacci E.N. Constitutive and instrumental goal orientations and their re-lations with eudaimonic and hedonic well-being. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2010, No. 5, 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9485-0

Frankl V. Self-transcendence as a human phenomenon. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 1966, No. 6, 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/002216786600600201

Fredrickson B.L. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 2001, No. 56, 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218

Fredrickson B.L. The broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological sciences, 2004, No. 359(1449), 1367–1377. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1512

Freud S. Beyond the Pleasure Principle. — NewYork: Norton, 1959.

Frijda N. On the nature and function of pleasure. // In: Pleasures of the brain. / M.L. Kringelbach & K.C. Berridge (Eds.). — New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. — Рp. 99–112.

Gallagher M.W., Lopez S.J., Preacher K.J. The Hierarchical structure of well-being. Journal of Per-sonality, 2009, No. 77(4), 1025–1050. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00573.x

Golovey L.A., Manukyan V.R., Troshikhina E.G., Rykman L.V., Danilova M.V. The Role of psy-cho-emotional wellbeing for the perception of life situation by unemployed and employed adults. Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2019, No. 27(2), 27–49. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2019270203 (In Russian)

Golovina G.M., Savchenko T.N. Features of measuring the subjective quality of life in different diag-nostic approaches. Experimental Psychology, 2020, No. 13(3), 169–179. https://doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2020130313 (In Russian)

Goodman F.R., Disabato D.J., Kashdan T.B., Kauffman S.B. Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and PERMA. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2018, No. 13, 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434

Goodman F.R., Disabato D.J., Kashdan T.B. Reflections on unspoken problems and potential solu-tions for the well-being juggernaut in positive psychology. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2021, No. 16(6), 831–837. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1818815

Griffin J. Well-Being. — Clarendon Press, 1986.

Haybron D.M. Life satisfaction, ethical reflection, and the science of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2007, No. 8, 99–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9006-5

Haybron D.M. The pursuit of unhappiness: The elusive psychology of well-being. — Oxford Uni-versity Press, 2008.

Heathwood C. Desire-Satisfactionism and Hedonism. Philosophical Studies, 2006, No. 128, 539–563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-004-7817-y.

Heathwood C. Happiness and Desire Satisfaction. Nous, 2022, No. 56, 57–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12347

Huppert F.A. Psychological well-being: Evidence regarding its causes and consequences. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 2009, No. 1(2), 137–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01008.x

Huppert F.A. The state of wellbeing science: Concepts, measures, interventions, and policies. // In: Interventions and policies to enhance wellbeing. / F.A. Huppert, C.L. Cooper (Eds.). — Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118539415.wbwell036

Huppert F.A. Living life well: The role of mindfulness and compassion. // In: The Social Psychology of Living Well. / J. Forgas, R. Baumeister (Eds.). — UK, Psychology Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.25862

Huppert F.A. Ruggeri K. Controversies in wellbeing: Confronting and resolving the challenges. // In: Oxford Textbook of Public Mental Health. / D. Bhugra, K. Bhul, S. Wong, S. Gillman (Eds.). — Ox-ford University Press, Oxford, 2018.

Huta V. Pursuing eudaimonia versus hedonia: Distinctions, similarities, and relationships. // In: The best within us: Positive psychology perspectives on eudaimonic functioning. / A. Waterman (Ed.). — APA Books, 2013. — Рp. 139–158.

Huta V. The complementary roles of eudaimonia and hedonia and how they can be pursued in prac-tice. // In: Positive Psychology in practice: Promoting human flourishing in work, health, education, and everyday life. / S. Joseph (Ed.). — Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2015. — Рp. 216–246. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3235.5207

Huta V., Ryan R.M. Pursuing pleasure or virtue: The differential and overlapping well-being benefits of hedonic and eudaimonic motives. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2010, No. 11, 735–762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-009-9171-4

Huta V., Waterman A.S. Eudaimonia and its distinction from hedonia: Developing a classification and terminology for understanding conceptual and operational definitions. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2014, No. 15(6), 1425–1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9485-0

Izard C.E. Four systems of emotion activation: Cognitive and noncognitive processes. Psychological Review, 1993, No. 100(1), 68–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.100.1.68

Jacobi C.J, Varga P.J, Vaidyanathan B. Aesthetic experiences and flourishing in science: A four-country study. Frontiers in Psychology, 2022, No. 13, 923–940. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923940

Jovanović V. Structural validity of the mental health continuum-Short Form: The bifactor model of emotional, social and psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 2015, No. 75, 154–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.026

Kahneman D. Objective happiness. // In: Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology. / D. Kahneman, E. Diener, N. Schwarz (Eds.). — New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press, 1999. — Рp. 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953820806231972

Karapetyan L.V., Glotova G.A. Structural model of emotional and personal well-being. National Psy-chological Journal, 2018, No. 11(2), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.11621/npj.2018.0206 (in Russian)

Kashdan T.B., Biswas-Diener R., King L.A. Reconsidering happiness: the costs of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2008, No. 3(4), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760802303044

Keyes C.L.M. Social Well-Being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 1998, No. 61(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065

Keyes C.L.M. The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Research, 2002, No. 43, 207–222. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197

Keyes C.L.M. Mental health and/or mental illness? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2005, No. 73, 539–548 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.539

Keyes C.L.M., Annas J. Feeling good and functioning well: distinctive concepts in ancient philoso-phy and contemporary science. The Journal of Positive Psychology. 2009, No. 4(3), 197–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760902844228

Keyes C.L.M., Shmotkin D., Ryff C.D. Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two tradi-tions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2002, No. 82(6), 1007–1022. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007

Keyes C.L.M., Waterman M.B. Dimensions of well-being and mental health in adulthood. // In: Well-Being: Positive Development across the Life Course. / M.H. Bornstein, L. Davidson, C.L.M. Keyes, K.A. Moore (Eds.). — Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2003. — Рp. 477–497. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410607171

Kim K., Lehning A.J., Sacco P. Assessing the factor structure of well-being in older adults: Findings from the national health and aging trends study. Aging & Mental Health, 2016, No. 20(8), 814–822. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1037245

Kollontai G.A. Approaches to studying the phenomenon of human well-being: A review of foreign and local theories. Organizational psycholinguistics, 2024, No. 1(25), 88–113. (In Russian)

Kraut R. Two conceptions of happiness. Philosophical Review, 1979, No. 88, 167–197. https://doi.org/10.2307/2184505

Kraut R. Aristotle’s Ethics. // In: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. / Zalta E. N., Nodelman U. (Eds.). — Fall Edition, 2022.

Kringelbach M.L. The hedonic brain: A functional neuroanatomy of human pleasure. // In: Pleasures of the Brain. / M.L. Kringelbach, K.C. Berridge (Eds.). — Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2010. — Рp.202–221.

Kulikov L.V. Determinants of life satisfaction. Society and Politics: Modern Research, Concept Search. — St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University. 2000. — Рр. 476–510. (in Russian)

Lactionova E.B., Matyushina M.G. Theoretical analysis of the scientific approaches to positive human functioning: Happiness, psychological well-being, subjective well-being. The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Psychology, 2018, No. 26, 77–88. https://doi.org/10.26516/2304-1226.2018.26.77 (in Russian)

Landesman S. Quality of life and personal life satisfaction: Definition and measurement issues. Men-tal Retardation, 1986, No. 24, 141–143.

Land K.M., Michalos A.C. Fifty years after the social indicators movement: Has the promise been fulfilled? An assessment and agenda for the future. Social Indicators Research, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1571-y

La Placa V., McNaught A., Knight A. Discourse on wellbeing in research and practice. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2013, No. 3(1), 116–125. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v3i1.7

Lebedeva А.A., Leontiev D.A. Contemporary approaches to the quality of life: From objective con-texts to subjective ones. Social Psychology and Society, 2022, No. 13(4), 1421–62. https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130409 (In Russian)

Leontiev D.A. Happiness and well-being: Toward the construction of the conceptual field. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes, 2020a, No. 1, 14–37. https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2020.1.02 (In Russian)

Leontiev D.A. Quality of life and well-being: objective, subjective and agentic aspects. Psychological Journal, 2020b, No. 41(6), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.31857/S020595920012592-7 (In Russian)

Leontiev D.A. From illness psychology to health psychology: a positive reorientation. New Psycho-logical Research, 2024, No. 1, 8–29. https://doi.org/10.51217/npsyresearch_2024_04_01_01 (In Russian)

Linley P.A., Maltby J., Wood A.M., Osborne G., Hurling R. Measuring happiness: The higher order factor structure of subjective and psychological well-being measures. Personality and Individual Dif-ferences, 2009, No. 47(8), 878–884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.010

Linton M.J., Dieppe P., Medina-Lara A. Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: Exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time. BMJ Open, 2016, No. 6(7), e010641. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010641

Longo Y., Coyne I., Joseph S., Gustavsson P. Support for a general factor of well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 2016, No. 100, 68–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.082

Lykken D., Tellegen A. Happiness is a stochastic phenomenon. Psychological Science, 1996, No. 7, 186–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14679280.1996.tb00355.x

Lyubomirsky S., Dickerhoof R. A construal approach to increasing happiness. // In: Social psycho-logical foundations of clinical psychology. / J. Tangney, J. Maddux (Eds.). — New York, NY: Guil-ford Press, 2010. — Рp. 229–244.

Lyubomirsky S., Sheldon K., Schkade D. Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 2005, No. 9, 111–131. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111

Margolis S., Schwitzgebel E., Ozer D.J., Lyubomirsky S. Empirical relationships among five types of well-being. // In: Measuring Well-Being. / M.T. Lee, L.D. Kubzansky, T.J. VanderWeele (Eds.). — Oxford University Press, 2021. — Рp. 377–407. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197512531.003.0014

Martela F., Sheldon K.M. Clarifying the concept of well-being: psychological need satisfaction as the common core connecting eudaimonic and subjective well-being. Review of General Psychology, 2019, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268019880886

Maslow A.H. The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. — Penguin Books, 1971.

McNaught A. Defining wellbeing. // In: Understanding wellbeing: An introduction for students and practitioners of health and social care. — Banbury: Lantern Publishing, 2011. — Рp. 7–23.

Merenkova V.S., Solodkova O.E. A study of the phenomenon of “life satisfaction”. Comprehensive Child Studies, 2020, No. 2(1), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-0223-2020-2-1-4-13 (In Russian)

Mill J.S. Utilitarianism. / G. Sher (Ed.). — Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1861/1979.

Mitchell P., Alexandrova A. Well-being and pluralism. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2021, No. 22, 2411–2433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00323-8

Morris S. In defense of the hedonistic account of happiness. Philosophical Psychology, 2011, No. 24(2), 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2011.556604

Norton D.L. Personal destinies: A philosophy of ethical individualism. — Princeton, NJ: Princeton. University Press, 1976.

Nozick R. The Examined Life. — New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989.

Nussbaum M. Human functioning and social justice: In defense of Aristotelian essentialism. Political Theory, 1992, No. 20(2), 202–246.

Parducci A. Happiness, pleasure, and judgment: The contextual theory and its applications. — Mah-wah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1995.

Parfit D. Reasons and persons. — Clarendon Press, 1986.

Pavot W. The cornerstone of research on subjective well-being: Valid assessment methodology. // In: Handbook of Well-Being. / E. Diener, S. Oishi, L. Tay (Eds.). — Noba Scholar Handbook Series: Subjective Well-Being. — Salt Lake City. UT: DEF Publishers, 2018.

Pavot W., Diener E. The satisfaction with life scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2008, No. 3(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701756946

Peterson C., Park N., Seligman M.E.P. Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full life versus the empty life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2005, No. 6, 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5702-8_9

Pressman S.D., Jenkins B.N., Moskowitz J.T. Positive affect and health: What do we know and where next should we go? Annual Review of Psychology, 2019, No. 70, 627–650. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418102955

Prinzing M. How to study well-being: A proposal for the integration of philosophy with science. Re-view of General Psychology, 2021, No. 25(2), 152–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/10892680211002443

Reber A. Dictionary of psychology. Second Ed. — Harmonsworth: Penguin, 1995.

Rojas M. The Subjective object of well-being studies: Well-being as the experience of being well. // In: Metrics of Subjective Well-Being: Limits and Improvements. — 2017. — Рp. 43–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61810-4_3

Rojas M. Well-Being and Its Conceptualization. // In: Well-Being in Latin America: Drivers and poli-cies. — 2019. — Рp. 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33498-7_3

Ruggeri K., Garcia-Garzon E., Maguire A., Matz S., Huppert F.A. Well-being is more than happiness and life satisfaction: a multidimensional analysis of 21 countries. Health and Quality of Life Out-comes, 2020, No. 18(192). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01423-y

Ryan R.M., Deci E.L. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social de-velopment, and well-being. American Psychologist, 2000, No. 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68

Ryan R.M., Deci E.L. On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eu-daimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 2001, No. 52, 141–166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141

Ryff C.D. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1989, No. 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069

Ryff C.D., Boylan J.M., Kirsch J.A. Eudaimonic and hedonic well-being. // In: Measuring Well-Being. / M.T. Lee, L.D. Kubzansky, T.J. VanderWeele (Eds.). — Oxford University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/ 9780197512531.003.0005

Ryff C.D., Singer B.H. Know thyself and become what you are: An eudaimonic approach to psycho-logical well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2008, No. 9(1), 13–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-010.1007/s10902-006-9019-0

Seligman M.E.P. Authentic happiness. — New York, NY: Free Press, 2002.

Seligman M.E.P. Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. — New York, NY: Free Press, 2011.

Sirgy M.J. The Psychology of quality of life: Hedonic well-being, life satisfaction, and eudaimonia. Social Indicators Research, 2012, Series 50. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4405-9_2

Shah H., Marks N. A well-being manifesto for a flourishing society. — London: The New Econom-ics Foundation, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465729200400023

Shamionov R.M. Subjective well-being of a person: Psychological picture and factors. — Saratov: Izd-vo Sarat. un-ta, 2008. (in Russian)

Shamionov R.M. Subjective well-being of an individual in various contexts. // In: Subjective Well-Being of an Employee in an Organization. — St. Petersburg. Publishing and Polygraphic Association of Higher Educational Institutions, 2025. — Рp. 17–54. (in Russian)

Shamionov R.M., Beskova T.V. Methods of diagnostics of subjective well-being of the person. Psikhologicheskie Issledovaniya, 2018, No. 11(60), 8. (in Russian)

Sheldon K.M. Optimal human being: An integrated multi level perspective. — New York: Psycholo-gy press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410610973

Sheldon K. Putting eudaimonia in its place: On the predictor, no the outcome, side of the equation. // In: Handbook of Eudaimonic Well-Being. / Vittersø J. (Ed.). — Cham: Springer, 2016. — Рp. 531–541. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_36

Sheldon K.M., Corcoran C., Prentice M. Pursuing eudaimonic functioning versus pursuing hedonic well-being: The first goal succeeds in its aim, whereas the second does not. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2019, No. 20, 919–933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9980-4

Shevelenkova T.D., Fesenko P.P. Psychological well-being of the individual (review of the main con-cepts and research methods). Psychological Diagnostics, 2005, No. 3, 95–129. (in Russian)

Shin D.C., Johnson D. Avowed happiness as on overall assessment of the quality of life. Social Indi-cators Research, 1978, No. 5(1), 475–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00352944

Smithies D.A. Hedonic Theory of Desire. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 2025.

Suikkanen J. An improved whole life satisfaction theory of happiness. International Journal of Well-being, 2011, No. 1(1), 149–166. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v1i1.6

Sumner L.W. Welfare, happiness, and ethics. — New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266267100004557

Tatarkiewicz V. On Human Happiness and Perfection. — Moscow: Progress, 1981. (In Russian)

Telfer E. Happiness. — New York: St Martin’s Press, 1980.

Tiberius V. Recipies of a good life: Eudaimonism and the contribution of philosophy. // In: The best within us: Positive psychology perspectives on eudaimonia. / A.S. Waterman (Ed.). — Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2013. — Рp. 19–38. https://doi.org/10.1037/14092-002

Tiberius V., Hall A. Normative theory and psychological research: Hedonism, eudaimonism, and why it matters. The Journal of Positive Psychology: Dedicated to furthering research and promoting good practice, 2010, No. 5(3), 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439761003790971

Thrash T.M. The creation and curation of all things worthy: Inspiration as vital force in persons and cultures. // In: Advances in Motivation Science. / A.J. Elliot (Ed.). — Amsterdam, Netherlands: Else-vier, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adms.2020.01.002

Tov W. Well-being concepts and components. // In: Handbook of well-being. / E. Diener, S. Oishi, L. Tay (Eds.). — Salt Lake City, UT: DEF Publishers, 2018.

Varga P.J., Kelly C.R., Jacobi C.J. Aesthetic flourishing: Scientists’ experiences of beauty, wonder, and awe as indicators of higher wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2024, No. 14(3), 3015, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v14i3.3015

Veenhoven R. The study of life satisfaction. // In: A comparative study of satisfaction with life in Eu-rope. / Saris W.E., Veenhoven R., Scherpenzeel A.C., Bunting B. (Eds.). — Eötvös University Press, 1996. — Рp. 11–48.

Waterman A.S. The relevance of Aristotle’s conception of eudaimonia for the psychological study of happiness. Theoretical & Philosophical Psychology, 1990, No. 10(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0091489

Waterman A.S. Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1993, No. 64, 678–691. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.4.678

Waterman A.S. Reconsidering happiness: A eudaimonist’s perspective. Journal of Positive Psycholo-gy, 2008, No. 3(4), 234–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760802303002

Waterman A.S., Schwartz S.J., Conti R. The implications of two conceptions of happiness (hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia) for the understanding of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Happiness Stud-ies, 2008, No. 9, 41–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9020-7

WHOQOL Group. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): Posi-tion paper from the World Health Organization. Social Science and Medicine, 1995, No. 41(10), 1403–1409. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-k

World Health Organization. Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice. Sum-mary report, 2004.

World Health Organization. The European Health Report 2012: Charting the way to well-being. — Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, 2013.

Yiğit B., Çakmak B.Y. Discovering psychological well-being: A Bibliometric Review. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2024, No. 25(43), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-024-00754-7

Zajonc R.B. Feeling and thinking. Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 1980, No. 35, 151–175. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.35.2.151

Zajonc R.B. On the primacy of affect. American Psychologist, 1984, No. 39, 117–123.

Zajonc R.B., Markus H. Affective and cognitive factors in preferences. Journal of Consumer Re-search, 1982, No. 9, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1086/208905

Zinnatova M.V. Self-transcendence: a phenomenological study. Scientific Notes of the V.I. Vernad-sky Crimean Federal University of Sociology. Pedagogy. Psychology, 2022, No. 8(74), 3, 116–128. (In Russian)