«Парни не плачут»: демографические различия в использовании ресурсов и служб поддержки психического здоровья и благополучия в России
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v19i106.2084Аннотация
Демографические различия в использовании ресурсов и сервисов для поддержания психического здоровья до сих пор не изучались в России, стране с одним из самых больших в мире гендерных разрывов в ожидаемой продолжительности жизни. В настоящем исследовании мы использовали онлайн-панельную выборку (N = 2000) для изучения закономерностей и демографических предикторов использования услуг и ресурсов поддержки психического здоровья. Анализ латентных классов на наборе из 21 утверждения, отражающего культурно-специфические способы разрешения психологических проблем, выявил пять групп респондентов: те, кто вообще не использует ресурсы для поддержки психического здоровья (20,3%), те, кто полагается на молитвы и специалистов по соматическому здоровью (35,5%), те, кто использует популярные медиа для самопомощи (35,9%), те, кто практикует религиозное совладание (12,2%) и, наконец, те, кто обращается к специалистам в области психического здоровья, таким как психологи, психиатры или консультанты (6,2%). Помимо удивительно небольшого процента последней группы, мы обнаружили убедительные доказательства демографических различий в использовании услуг по охране психического здоровья; эти различия связаны с гендером, образованием и уровнем дохода. Результаты говорят о том, что необходимы меры по повышению доступности психологической помощи для мужчин, людей старшего возраста, а также людей с низким уровнем дохода и образования.
Скачивания
Библиографические ссылки
Adler N., Gluzman S. Soviet special psychiatric hospitals: Where the system was criminal and the inmates were sane. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1993, 163(6), 713-720. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.6.713
Asparouhov T., Muthén B. Auxiliary Variables in Mixture Modeling: A 3-Step Approach Using Mplus. Mplus Web Notes, 2013, 15. https://www.statmodel.com/examples/webnotes/webnote15.pdf
Asparouhov T., Muthén B. Auxiliary Variables in Mixture Modeling: Using the BCH Method in Mplus to Estimate a Distal Outcome Model and an Arbitrary Secondary Model. Mplus Web Notes, 2021, 21. https://www.statmodel.com/examples/webnotes/webnote21.pdf
Bartram M. Income-based inequities in access to mental health services in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2019, 110, 395-403. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-019-00204-5
Belinskaya E.P., Veсherin A.V., Agadullina E.R. Proactive Coping Inventory: Adaptation to a non-clinical sample and the predictive capability. Klinicheskaia i spetsial'naia psikhologiia = Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2021, 7(3), 192–211. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2018070312 (in Russian)
Collins, L. M., Lanza, S. T. Latent Class and Latent Transition Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010.
Bilsker D., Fogarty A.S., Wakefield M.A. Critical issues in men’s mental health. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2018, 63(9), 590-596. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743718766052
Doblytė, S. Shame in a post‐socialist society: A qualitative study of healthcare seeking and utilisation in common mental disorders. Sociology of Health & Illness, 2020, 42(8), 1858-1872. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.13170
Doguzova, V. Pik prodazh antidepressantov za 10 let prishelsya na 2023 god [A 10-year record of antidepressant sales has been set in 2023]. 2024. https://pharmvestnik.ru/content/news/Pik-prodaj-antidepressantov-za-10-let-prishelsya-na-2023-god.html
Gable S.L., Haidt J. What (and why) is positive psychology? Review of General Psychology, 2005, 9(2), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.103
Gordeeva T.O., Osin E.N., Suchkov D.D., Ivanova T.Y., Sychev O.A., Bobrov V.V. Self-Control as a personality resource: Assessment and associations with performance, persistence and well-being. Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya = Cultural-Historical Psychology, 2016, 12(2), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2016120205 (in Russian)
Greenglass, E.R. Proactive coping. In: Frydenberg E. (Ed.), Beyond Coping: Meeting Goals, Vision, and Challenges. London: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 37-62. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198508144.001.0001
Gulevich O., Krivoshchekov V. Traditional masculinity ideology and political protests in authoritarian regimes: Unpacking the role of attitudes toward political authorities. Psychology of Men & Masculinities. Advance online publication. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000474
Helliwell J. F., Huang H., Wang S. Changing world happiness. In: Helliwell J., Layard R., Sachs J. (Eds.), World Happiness Report 2019. New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network, 2019. https://files.worldhappiness.report/WHR19_Ch02.pdf
Hinote B.P., Webber G.R. Drinking toward manhood: masculinity and alcohol in the former USSR. Men and Masculinities, 2012, 15(3), 292-310. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X12448466
Holland K.M., Jones C., Vivolo-Kantor A.M., Idaikkadar N., Zwald M., Hoots B., ..., Houry D. Trends in US emergency department visits for mental health, overdose, and violence outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry, 2021, 78(4), 372-379. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4402
Hooks B. The Will To Change: Men, Masculinity, and Love. New York: Atria Books, 2004.
Javed A., Lee C., Zakaria H., Buenaventura R.D., Cetkovich-Bakmas M., Duailibi K., ..., Azeem M.W. Reducing the stigma of mental health disorders with a focus on low-and middle-income countries. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2021, 58, 102601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102601
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) (2024). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington. http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare
Keyes C.L.M. Complete mental health: An agenda for the 21st century. In: Keyes C.L.M., Haidt J. (Eds.), Flourishing: Positive Psychology and the Life Well-lived. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2003, pp. 293-312. https://doi.org/10.1037/10594-013
Keyes, C.L.M. (2014). Mental health as a complete state: How the salutogenic perspective completes the picture. In: Bauer G.F., Hämmig O. (Eds.), Bridging Occupational, Organizational and Public Health. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014, pp. 179-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5640-3_11
Klepach A.N., Luk'yanenko R.F. Healthcare in Russia: Macroeconomic parameters and structural issues. Studies on Russian Economic Development, 2023, 34(2), 207-220. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075700723020065
Kolganova V. Prodazhi antidepressantov v Rossii snova rastut [Antidepressant sales in Russia growing again]. 2025. https://sia.ru/?section=484&action=show_news&id=16811152
Kornilova T.V., Chumakova M.A. Tolerance and intolerance of ambiguity in the modification of Budner’s questionnaire. Eksperimental'naâ psihologiâ = Experimental Psychology (Russia), 2014, 7(1), 92-110. (in Russian)
Kroenke K., Spitzer R.L., Williams J.B. The PHQ‐9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2001, 16(9), 606-613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
Leontiev D.A., Osin E.N. “Good” and “bad” reflection: From an explanatory model to differential assessment. Psychology. Journal of Higher School of Economics, 2014, 11(4), 110-135. (in Russian)
Leontiev D., Osin E., Lebedeva A. Positive psychology in Russia. In: Chang E.C., Downey C., Yang H., Zettler I., Muyan-Yılık M. (Eds.), The International Handbook of Positive Psychology. Cham: Springer, 2022, pp. 277-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57354-6_10
Mojtabai R., Jorm A.F. Trends in psychological distress, depressive episodes and mental health treatment-seeking in the United States: 2001–2012. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2015, 174, 556-561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.039
Novitskaya A. Patriotism, sentiment, and male hysteria: Putin’s masculinity politics and the persecution of non-heterosexual Russians. Norma, 2017, 12(3-4), 302-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/18902138.2017.1312957
Pattyn E., Verhaeghe M., Bracke P. The gender gap in mental health service use. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2015, 50, 1089-1095. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1038-x
Pawelski J.O. William James and well-being: The philosophy, psychology, and culture of human flourishing. William James Studies, 2018, 14(1), 1-25. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26493689
Petrea I. Mental health in former Soviet countries: from past legacies to modern practices. Public Health Reviews, 2012, 34, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03391673
Randall A.E. Soviet and Russian masculinities: rethinking Soviet fatherhood after Stalin and renewing virility in the Russian nation under Putin. The Journal of Modern History, 2020, 92(4), 859-898. https://doi.org/10.1086/711382
Riabov O., Riabova T. The remasculinization of Russia? Gender, nationalism, and the legitimation of power under Vladimir Putin. Problems of Post-Communism, 2014, 61(2), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.2753/PPC1075-8216610202
Rickwood D.J., Coleman-Rose C.L. The effect of survey administration mode on youth mental health measures: Social desirability bias and sensitive questions. Heliyon, 2023, 9(9), e20131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20131
Schacht A. Power in psychiatry. Soviet peer and lay hierarchies in the context of political abuse of psychiatry. History of Psychiatry, 2022, 33(1), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X211047805
Seligman M.E.P., Csikszentmihalyi M. Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 2000, 55(1), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
Shmeleva I.A., Pochebut L.G. Gender and culture: A Russian perspective. In: Safdar S., Kosakowska-Berezecka N. (Eds.), Psychology of Gender Through the Lens of Culture: Theories and Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14005-6_8
Seidler Z.E., Rice S.M., River J., Oliffe J.L., Dhillon H.M. Men’s mental health services: The case for a masculinities model. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 2018, 26(1), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060826517729406
Sin N.L., Della Porta M.D., Lyubomirsky S. Tailoring positive psychology interventions to treat depressed individuals. In: Donaldson S.I., Csikszentmihalyi M., Nakamura J. (Eds.), Applied Positive Psychology: Improving Everyday Life, Health, Schools, Work, and Society. New York, N. Y.: Routledge, 2011, pp. 79-96. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203818909
Sorgente, A., Caliciuri, R., Robba, M., Lanz, M., & Zumbo, B. D. (2025). A systematic review of latent class analysis in psychology: Examining the gap between guidelines and research practice. Behavior Research Methods, 57(11), 301. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-025-02812-1
Spitzer R.L., Kroenke K., Williams J.B., Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2006, 166(10), 1092-1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
Steele L.S., Dewa C.S., Lin E., Lee K.L. Education level, income level and mental health services use in Canada: associations and policy implications. Healthcare Policy, 2007, 3(1), 96-106.
Tangney J.P., Baumeister R.F., Boone A.L. High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 2004, 72(2), 271–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x
Ulumbekova G.E. Analiz raskhodov byudzhetov byudzhetnoi sistemy RF (FOMS, federal’nyi i regional’nye byudzhety) po razdelu “Zdravookhranenie” na 2025 g. i planovyi period 2026-2027 gg. [The analysis of budget expenditure of the Russian Federation (Foundation of Obligatory Medical Insurance, federal budget, and regional budgets) on healthcare for 2025 and the plans for 2026-2027]. 2024. https://www.vshouz.ru/upload/iblock/aa0/vt1ah5z683vqoulek7p8ykcr3sd6nf83/BYUDZHET-ZDRAV-2025_-2027_zaklyuchenie_06-10-2024_-_2_.pdf
Van Voren R. Political abuse of psychiatry—An historical overview. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2010, 36(1), 33-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbp119
Wang P.S., Aguilar-Gaxiola S., Alonso J., Angermeyer M.C., Borges G., Bromet E.J., Bruffaerts R., de Girolamo G., de Graaf R., Gureje O., Haro J.M., Karam E.G., Kessler R.C., Kovess V., Lane M.C., Lee S., Levinson D., Ono Y., Petukhova M., Posada-Villa J., …, Wells J.E. Use of mental health services for anxiety, mood, and substance disorders in 17 countries in the WHO world mental health surveys. Lancet, 2007, 370(9590), 841–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61414-7
WCIOM. Index potrebnosti rossiyan v psikhologicheskoi podderzhke [The index of Russian’s need for psychological support]. 2025. https://wciom.ru/analytical-reviews/analiticheskii-obzor/indeks-potrebnosti-rossijan-v-psikhologicheskoi-podderzhke
World Health Organization. data.who.int, Russian Federation [Country overview]. 2025. (Accessed on 04.04.2025).
Wong P.T.P. Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 2011, 52(2), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022511
Wood A.M., Tarrier N.Positive clinical psychology: A new vision and strategy for integrated research and practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 2010, 30(7), 819–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.06.003
Yusupova M. Masculinity, criminality, and Russian men. Sextures: E-journal for Sexualities, Cultures, and Politics, 2015, 3(3), 46-61.
Zardaryan O. Opros: otnoshenie k psikhicheskim rasstroistvam v Rossii [Survey of the attitudes to mental health issues in Russia]. 2022. https://medach.pro/post/2875
Zdravomyslova E., Temkina A. The crisis of masculinity in late Soviet discourse. Russian Social Science Review, 2013, 54(1), 40-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/10611428.2013.11065500
Zolotareva A.A. Adaptation of the Russian version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Konsul'tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya = Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2023a, 31(4), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2023310402 (in Russian)
Zolotareva A.A. Diagnosis of depression: Psychometric examination of the Russian version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Klinicheskaia i spetsial'naia psikhologiia = Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 2023b, 12(4), 107-121. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2023120406 (in Russian)
Загрузки
Опубликован
Выпуск
Раздел
Лицензия
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование») 4.0 Всемирная.
