Меняются ли показатели Темной триады с возрастом?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v8i43.515Ключевые слова:
Темная триада, макиавеллизм, нарциссизм, психопатия, возрастные различия, половые различияАннотация
Связь Темной триады с возрастом рассматривалась на выборке 16–84 года (М = 36,28, SD = 13,28). В исследовании участвовало 989 человек (60,7% – женщины). Для диагностики Темной триады использовался Короткий опросник Темной триады (SD3), адаптированный для российской популяции. Все черты Темной триады коррелировали с возрастом (макиавеллизм – –0,26, нарциссизм – –0,11, психопатия – –0,25, суммарный показатель – –0,30). Множественный регрессионный анализ выявил связи макиавеллизма с полом и наличием детей, нарциссизма – с квадратом возраста, психопатии – с квадратом возраста, семейным положением и полом. При разделении выборки на группы (16–23 года, 24–29 лет, 30–39 лет, 40–49 лет, 50–59 лет, 60 лет и старше) показано, что показатели Темной триады имеют тенденцию увеличиваться с возрастом (макиавеллизм до 25–30 лет, нарциссизм и психопатия до 30–39 лет), после чего макиавеллизм остается на том же уровне, а нарциссизм и психопатия снижаются. Максимальные показатели половых различий обнаружены в группах 24–29 лет и 60 лет и старше, что интерпретируется с точки зрения потери стабильности и безопасности в эти периоды жизни.
Скачивания
Библиографические ссылки
Aghababaei N., Błachnio A. Well-being and the Dark Triad, Personality and Individual Differences, 2015, Vol. 86, 365–368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.043
Aghababaei N., Mohammadtabar S., Saffarinia M. Dirty Dozen vs. the H factor: Comparison of the Dark Triad and Honesty–Humility in prosociality, religiosity, an happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 2014, Vol. 67, 6–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.026
Allemand M., Zimprich D., Hendriks A.A.J. Age Differences in Five Personality Domains Across the Life Span. Developmental Psychology, 2008, 44(3), 758–770. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.758
Anusic I., Lucas R.E., Donnellan M.B. Cross-sectional age differences in personality: Evidence from nationally representative samples from Switzerland and the United States. Journal of Research in Personality, 2012, 46(1), 116–120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.11.002
Ball I.L., Farnill D., Wangeman J.F. Sex and age differences in sensation seeking: Some national comparisons. British Journal of Psychology, 1984, 75(2), 257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1984.tb01897.x
Barlett C.P., Barlett N.D. The young and the restless: Examining the relationships between age, emerging adulthood variables, and the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 2015, Vol. 86, 20–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.024
Barnett M.D., Powell H.A. Self-esteem mediates narcissism and aggression among women, but not men: A comparison of two theoretical models of narcissism among college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 2016, Vol. 89, 100–114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.042
Book A., Visser B.A., Volk A.A. Unpacking “evil”: Claiming the core of the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 2015, Vol. 73, 29–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.016
Boozer R.W., Forte M., Harris J.R. Psychological Type, Machiavellianism, and Perceived Self-Efficacy at Playing Office Politics. Journal of Psychological Type, 2005, 64(1), 1–9.
Brankley А.Е., Rule N.O. Threat perception: How psychopathy and Machiavellianism relate to social perceptions during competition. Personality and Individual Differences, 2014, Vol. 71, 103–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.015
Burns S., Roberts L.D., Egan S., Kane R. Evaluating emotion processing and trait anxiety as predictors of non-criminal psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences, 2015, Vol. 81, 148–154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.044
Campbell J.S., Ellison J. Shame coping styles and psychopathic personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 2005, 84(1), 96–104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8401_16
Carter G.L., Campbell A.C., Muncer S., Carter K.A. A Mokken analysis of the Dark Triad “Dirty Dozen”: Sex and age differences in scale structures, and issues with individual items. Personality and Individual Differences, 2015, Vol. 83, 185–191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.012
Caspi A., Roberts B.W. Personality development across the life course: The argument for change and continuity. Psychological Inquiry, 2001, 12(2), 49–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1202_01
Caspi A., Roberts B.W., Shiner R.L. Personality development: Stability and change. Annual Review of Psychology, 2005, 56(1), 453–484. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913
Copping L.T., Campbell A., Muncer S. Psychometrics and Life History Strategy: The Structure and Validity of the High K Strategy Scale. Evolutionary Psychology, 2014, 12(1), 200–222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491401200115
Donahue J.J., Caraballo L.J. Examining the triarchic model of psychopathy using revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 2015, Vol. 80, 125–130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.031
Donnellan M.B., Lucas R.E. Age differences in the Big Five across the life span: Evidence from two national samples. Psychology and Aging, 2008, 23(3), 558–566. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012897
Egorova M.S., Sitnikova M.A., Parshikova O.V. Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya, 2015, 8(43), 1. http://psystudy.ru (in Russian)
Feilhauer J., Cima M. Youth psychopathy: Differential correlates of callous-unemotional traits, narcissism, and impulsivity. Forensic Science International, 2013, 224(1–3), 1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.10.016
Figueredo A.J., Vasquez G., Brumbach B.H., Sefcek J.A., Kirsner B.R., Jacobs W.J. The K-factor: Individual differences in life history strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 2005, 39(8), 1349–1360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.009
Foster J.D., Campbell W.K., Twenge J.M. Individual differences in narcissism: Inflated self-views across the lifespan and around the world. Journal of Research in Personality, 2003, 37(6), 469–486. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00026-6
Furnham A., Richards S., Rangel L., Jones D.N. Measuring malevolence: Quantitative issues surrounding the Dark Triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 2014, Vol. 67, 114–121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.001
Graham E.K., Lachman M.E. Personality traits, facets and cognitive performance: Age differences in their relations. Personality and Individual Differences, 2014, Vol. 59, 89–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.011
Horvath P., Zuckerman M. Sensation seeking, risk appraisal, and risky behavior, Personality and Individual Differences, 1993, 14(1), 1, 41–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(93)90173-Z
Huchzermeier С., Geiger F., Köhler D., Bruß E., Godt N., Hinrichs G., Aldenhoff J.B. Are there age-related effects in antisocial personality disorders and psychopathy? Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2008, 15(4), 213–218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2007.10.002
Jonason P.K., Krause L. The emotional deficits associated with the Dark Triad traits: Cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and alexithymia. Personality and Individual Differences, 2013, Vol. 55, 532–537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.027
Jonason P.K., Slomski S., Partyka J. The Dark Triad at work: How toxic employees get their way. Personality and Individual Differences, 2012, 52(3), 449–453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.008
Jonason P.K., Tost J. I just cannot control myself: The Dark Triad and self-control. Personality and Individual Differences, 2010, 49(6), 61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.031
Jonason P.K., Valentine K.A., Li N.P., Harbeson C.L. Mate-selection and the Dark Triad: Facilitating a short-term mating strategy and creating a volatile environment. Personality and Individual Differences, 2011, 51(6), 759–776. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.06.025
Jonason P.K., Webster G.D. The Dirty Dozen: A concise measure of the Dark Triad. Psychological Assessment, 2010, 22(2), 420–432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019265
Jonason P.K., Webster G.D., Schmitt D.P., Li N.P., Crysel L. The antihero in popular culture: A Life History Theory of the Dark Triad. Review of General Psychology, 2012, 16(2), 192–199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027914
Jonason P.K., Wee S., Li N.P. Competition, autonomy, and prestige: Mechanisms through which the Dark Triad predict job satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 2015, Vol. 72, 112–116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.026
Jones D.N., Neria A.L. The Dark Triad and dispositional aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 2015, Vol. 86, 360–364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.021
Jones D.N., Paulhus D.L. Machiavellianism. In: M.R. Leary, R.H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in Social Behavior. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 2009. pp. 93–108.
Jones D.N., Paulhus D.L. Different provocations trigger aggression in narcissists and psychopaths. Social and Personality Psychology Science, 2010, 1(1), 12–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550609347591
Jones D.N., Paulhus D.L. The role of impulsivity in the Dark Triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 2011, Vol. 51, 670–682. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.04.011
Kowalski C.M., Vernon P.A., Schermer J.A. The General Factor of Personality: The relationship between the Big One and the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 2016, Vol. 88, 256–260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.028
Malesza M., Ostaszewski P. Dark side of impulsivity – Associations between the Dark Triad, self-report and behavioral measures of impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 2016, Vol. 88, 197–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.016
Malesza M., Ostaszewski P. The utility of the Dark Triad model in the prediction of the self-reported and behavioral risk-taking behaviors among adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 2016, 90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.026
Masui K., Fujiwara H., Ura M. Social exclusion mediates the relationship between psychopathy and aggressive humor style in noninstitutionalized young adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 2013, 55(2), 180–184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.001
Milojev P., Sibley C.G. The stability of adult personality varies across age: Evidence froma two-year longitudinal sample of adult New Zealanders. Journal of Research in Personality, 2014, Vol. 51, 29–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2014.04.005
Morgan J.E., Gray N.S., Snowden R.J. The relationship between psychopathy and impulsivity: A multi-impulsivity measurement approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 2011, 51(4), 429–434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.043
Mõttus R., Realo A., Allik J., Esko T., Metspalu A., Johnson W. Within-Trait Heterogeneity in Age Group. Differences in Personality Domains and Facets: Implications for the Development and Coherence of Personality Traits. Plos One, 2015, 9(1), 1–30.
Mudrack P.E. Age-related differences in Machiavellianism in an adult sample. Psychological Reports, 1989, 64(3), 1047–1050. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1047
Mudrack P.E. Additional evidence on age-related differences in Machiavellianism in an adult sample. Psychological Reports, 1992, 70(3), 1210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3c.1210
Muris P., Meesters C., Timmermans A. Some Youths have a Gloomy Side: Correlates of the Dark Triad Personality Traits in Non-Clinical Adolescents. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 2013, 44(5), 658–665. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0359-9
Niv S., Tuvblad C., Raine A., Wang P., Baker L.A. Heritability and Longitudinal Stability of Impulsivity in Adolescence. Behavior Genetics, 2012, 42(3), 378–392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-011-9518-6
O’Boyle E.H., Forsyth D., Banks G.C., Story P.A. A meta-analytic review of the Dark Triad–intelligence connection. Journal of Research in Personality, 2013, 47(6), 789–794. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.08.001
Orth U., Trzesniewski R.H., Robins R.W. Self-Esteem Development From Young Adulthood to Old Age: A Cohort-Sequential Longitudinal Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2010, 98(4), 645–658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018769
Paulhus D.L., Williams K.M. The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 2002, 36, 6(6), 556–563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
Poythress N.G., Hall J.R. Psychopathy and impulsivity reconsidered, Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2011, 16(2), 120–134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2011.02.003
Roberts B.W., DelVecchio W.F. The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 2000, 126(1), 3–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.1.3
Roberts B.W., Walton K.E., Viechtbauer W. Patterns of Mean-Level Change in Personality Traits Across the Life Course: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. Psychological Bulletin, 2006, 132(1), 1–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.1
Ross W.T., Robertson D.C. A typology of situational factors: Impact on salesperson decision-making about ethical issues. Journal of Business Ethics, 2003, 46(3), 213–234.
Roth M., Hammelstein P., Brähler E. Beyond a youthful behavior style – Age and sex differences in sensation seeking based on need theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 2007, 43(7), 1839–1850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.06.004
Schaie K.W. Beyond calendar definitions of age, time, and cohort: The general developmental model revisited. Developmental review, 1986, Vol. 6, 252–277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(86)90014-6
Schaie K.W. Chapter 3 – Historical Influences on Aging and Behavior. In: K.W. Schaie, S.L. Willis (Eds.), Handbooks of Aging. San Diego: Academic Press, 2011. pp. 41–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-380882-0.00003-6
Sheldon K.M., Kasser T. Getting Older, Getting Better? Personal Strivings and Psychological Maturity Across the Life Span. Developmental Psychology, 2001, 37(4), 491–501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.37.4.491
Soto C.J., John O.P., Gosling S.D., Potter J. Age differences in personality traits from 10 to 65: Big Five domains and facets in a large cross-sectional sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2011, 100(2), 330–348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021717
Steinberg L., Dustin A., Banich M., Cauffman E., Graham S., Woolard J. Age Differences in Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity as Indexed by Behavior and Self-Report: Evidence for a Dual Systems Model. Developmental Psychology, 2008, 44(6), 1764–1778. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012955
Swan T., Benack S. Narcissism in the Epistemological Pit. Journal of Adult Development, 2002, Vol. 9, 3, 178–185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016099909597
Tang T.L.-P., Tang T.L.-N. Finding the Lost Sheep: A Panel Study of Business Students' Intrinsic Religiosity, Machiavellianism, and Unethical Behavior Intentions. Ethics and Behavior, 2010, 20(5), 352–379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2010.491763
Terracciano A., Costa P.T.Jr, McCrae R.R. Personality plasticity after age 30. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2006, 32(8), 999–1009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206288599
Walker S., Richardson D.S., Green L.R. Aggression among older adults: The relationship of interaction networks and gender role to direct and indirect responses. Aggressive Behavior, 2000, 26(2), 145–154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(2000)26:2<145::AID-AB1>3.0.CO;2-Q
Westhead J., Egan V. Untangling the concurrent influences of the Dark Triad, personality and mating effort on violence. Personality and Individual Differences, 2015, Vol. 86, 222–226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.031
Yetişer B. Do All Roads Lead to Rome? The Moderating Role of Culture and Age in Predicting Construal Level on Machiavellianism. Journal of Yaşar University, 2014, 9(36), 6328–6337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19168/jyu.18920
Young S., Gudjonsson G.H., Goodwin E.J., Perkins D., Morris R. A validation of a computerised task of risk-taking and moral decision-making and its association with sensation-seeking, impulsivity and sociomoral reasoning. Personality and Individual Differences, 2013, 55(8), 941–946. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.472
