Половые различия в математических способностях
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v6i31.667Ключевые слова:
половые различия, математические способности, пренатальный тестостеронАннотация
Анализировались половые различия по математическим способностям, которые оценивались по результатам выполнения математического теста единого государственного экзамена. Выборка исследования включает 11577 пар близнецов, которые сдавали экзамен в 2010, 2011 и 2012 гг. Выборка репрезентативна популяции близнецов соответствующего возраста, проживающих на территории России. Для определения половых различий оценивались различия средних, дисперсий, величина эффекта d (разница в средних баллах мальчиков и девочек, деленная на усредненное по группам мальчиков и девочек стандартное отклонение). Основные результаты состоят в следующем. Девочки в среднем хуже выполняли математический тест, чем мальчики, однако различия между группами невелики и достигают уровня значимости только в одной возрастной когорте (у тех, кто сдавал экзамен в 2011 г.). Величина эффекта d для трех возрастных когорт равна 0,027, 0,078, 0,028, то есть пренебрежимо мала. Дисперсия в группе мальчиков больше, чем в группе девочек. По показателю математических способностей получены значимые различия между девочками из дизиготных разнополых пар и девочками из монои дизиготных однополых пар, что подтверждает предположение о влиянии пренатального тестостерона на формирование математических способностей.
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