Половые различия по успеваемости в зависимости от профессионального самоопределения школьников
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v7i38.579Ключевые слова:
близнецы, академическая успеваемость, ЕГЭ, половые различияАннотация
Анализировались половые различия в академических достижениях, которые оценивались по результатам выполнения заданий Единого государственного экзамена в 2010–2012 гг. Выборка исследования включает 11160 пар близнецов и репрезентативна популяции близнецов соответствующего возраста, проживающих на территории России. Для определения половых различий оценивались различия средних, дисперсий и величина эффекта d (разница в средних баллах мальчиков и девочек, деленная на усредненное по группам мальчиков и девочек стандартное отклонение). Основные результаты исследования: в академической успеваемости по большинству школьных предметов, по которым ученики сдают ЕГЭ, наблюдаются половые различия. Значимые половые различия обнаруживаются по следующим дисциплинам: математике, русскому языку, иностранному(английскому) языку, истории, литературе, биологии, обществознанию. Отсутствуют различия между юношами и девушками в успешности выполнения заданий ЕГЭ по физике, химии, географии и информатике. В тех случаях, когда имеются значимые различия в успеваемости по предмету, успешнее сдают экзамен девочки. Исключение составляет лишь одна школьная дисциплина – математика. По математике мальчики превосходят девочек в академической успешности при анализе данных по всей выборке, отставая от девочек в подгруппе потенциальных абитуриентов вузов физико-математического направления.
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