Paradoxes of individual and social representatives of science and art in destinies

Abstract

An attempt of the analysis of influences of social and individual factors on the creative fate of representatives of the Russian science and art is made in the article. Аnalysis of publications of S.V.Kravkov of the early and middle 20th century period proves that not only problems of psychology and psychophysiology of sight which he researched also in State Academy of Arts (in Russian: GAKhN), but also methodological problems of psychology, psychology of development, pedagogical psychology fell within the scope of scientific interests of the scientist. Restriction of field of scientific research of Kravkov in the late twenties, his leaving completely in natural-science, ideologically neutral researches is considered as option of his individual strategy of coexistence with the mode at preservation of a certain degree of personal independence and a possibility of self-realization in science. The fate of scientists of Philosophical office of GAKhN (Volkov, Gabrichevsky, Zhinkin, Guber) which have escaped later cleanings and repressions prove impossibility of full creative self-realization in rigidly set framework of social space. Therefore change of a field of activity and area of scientific interests becomes the unique strategy of physical survival. Scientific and creative biographies of the philosopher and psychologist S.L.Rubenstein and the composer D.D.Shostakovich are considered as the strategy of leaving in internal space of the personality and a way of maintaining own identity. Such strategy allowed to design personal space as a shelter from the outside world and pressure of social factors, spaces of freedom and self-realization. Change of external social space on macro- and microlevel (on the example of V.Kandinsky's biography) is considered as an example of the personal strategy promoting maintaining identity and creative self-realization according to the personal choice. Strengthening of individualization is considered as the main personal resource of construction / preservation of personal space as spaces of freedom and self-realization which important components are a science and art.