Sociocultural determination of communicative difficulties of modern children and adolescents

Abstract

The problem of the emergence and overcoming of communicative difficulties of children and adolescents is viewed from the position of sociocultural determination of these processes. Micro-factors of the emergence of communication difficulties are revealed, related to the impact of the nearest social environment on the development of the communicative sphere of the child's personality; meso-factors associated with the influence of the social conditions of the child's life on the ontogeny of communication; macro-factors associated with the impact of ethnos, culture, religion, mentality on the patterns of communicative behavior of the younger generation. An algorithm for overcoming the communicative difficulties in a multicultural space is presented by the subject, including a subjective sense of the obstacle in communication, the emergence of motivation to overcome communicative difficulties, the design and testing of new patterns of communication, reflection. The author describes constructive (pride, self-esteem, self-affirmation, nonconformity, the search for social support, differentiation of social contacts, etc.) and destructive markers of overcoming behavior (aggressiveness, demonstrativeness, sensitivity, frustration of social expectations, etc.), which are equally important for development child as the subject of communication. Based on the analysis of 250 single cases of communicative development of preschool, junior school and adolescent children, mechanisms for overcoming communicative difficulties of children and adolescents were identified, based on social comparison, reflection of communicative experience, combating individual deficiencies, striving for self-affirmation, internalization of communicative knowledge, manifestation of communicative activity, creativity, as well as their age specificity. A conclusion is made about the need for targeted psychological and pedagogical assistance to an adult in the process of comprehension and overcoming of actual communicative difficulties by the child; based on the results of parents' questionnaires, teachers and psychologists, typical errors of adults by interacting with children and adolescents experiencing various communicative difficulties, are revealed.