Text Formatting

The order of arrangement of article components is presented in the Article Text Templates.

Standard page parameters (margin widths) are used when typing text. Font – any standard font; Times New Roman, size 12 is recommended.

All text without paragraph indentation is justified.

Paragraphs (sections) of text are separated from each other by a blank line – inserted by an additional press of the Enter key. To insert dividing blank lines into a finished text, replace a single paragraph symbol with a double one using the "Find – Replace" option in Word.

No more than one space between words is used. All extra spaces must be removed from the text. To remove extra spaces, use the "Find – Replace" option in Word.

Underlining in the text is not used (it is confused with hyperlinks). Instead of underlining, use italic (preferred) or bold (minimally).

Only footnotes are used (at the bottom of the page). Endnotes are not used. Footnotes are numbered. Existing endnotes can easily be converted to footnotes.

Superscript/subscript indices, e.g. r² or t₂, are inserted using the "Insert – Symbol" option.

Automatic list formatting (numbered or bulleted) is not used. To create lists "manually", only dashes or numerals are used.

Please review the Other section (data presentation, name formatting, etc.), the formatting rules for headings, tables and figures, and also references.

Headings

The article should be clearly structured; sections and subsections should be provided with headings at different levels. It is advisable not to overcomplicate the heading structure. In most cases, three levels of headings are sufficient. For formatting such headings, see the Article Text Templates.

If there are necessarily many subheadings, they should be numbered to ease reader comprehension. A multi-level table of contents is recommended at the beginning of the article after the keywords.

Sample [no period after the last digit]

1 Heading
1.1 Subheading
1.2 Subheading
1.2.1 Subheading
[and so on]

When typing text, please use the Article Text Templates.

Tables and Figures

Tables and figures should not duplicate each other informationally. One form of data presentation should be chosen. An acceptable option is a chart with an embedded table (an MS Office tool). For formatting samples, see below.

All graphical materials (figures, diagrams, graphs, tables) must be submitted in Russian and English. Titles, column headings, legends, and textual captions within objects must be duplicated in English. English text is provided below the Russian text or separated by a forward slash (/).

Numbering of tables/figures is consecutive throughout the text. Figures are numbered separately from tables. Appendix tables are labeled with Latin letters (e.g., Table D).

The abbreviations "Fig." and "Table" are typed with spaces after the period: Fig. 1, Table 2, but not Fig.1, Table.2. For example: Fig. 2 shows the data; or (see indicators in Table 3).

Abbreviations are not used unless absolutely necessary; it is preferable to write all words in full; hyphens are not used. All designations (including abbreviations previously introduced in the text) must be defined in the notes below all figures and tables, despite possible repetitions.

Figures

Used only when necessary for understanding the content of the text. The recommended font for captions and legends is Calibri.

Figures must be included in the text (without text wrapping); they must also be submitted separately from the article text in a widely used format. Sample file name: "Ivanov_fig". SmartArt diagram and chart templates are recommended (see the "Insert – SmartArt" option in MS Office programs). These professionally designed, easy-to-use templates allow the display of a variety of relationships and processes, automatic linking of drawing elements, and uniform formatting.

If diagrams, graphs, or charts are made in Excel, they are submitted separately from the text all in a single file with an xlsx extension (preferred) or xls; Word may also be used. Data tables should be included in the file and not deleted.

Other images (illustrations, photographs) are accepted in graphic formats (png, gif, tiff, jpg, etc.) and are submitted in a separate file each. Sample file names: "Ivanov_fig5".

Please do not change the format in which images were originally created. For example, a chart created in MS Office 2007 loses some of its properties when saved in earlier versions of the package.

Figures must be of high quality and must not require additional editing, including resizing (distortions may occur). Figures, especially simple ones, should not be too large; they should be proportionate to the text. Do not overload figures with numerous captions and comments – it is better to use notes.

Diagrams, graphs, and charts may be in color, provided that no information is lost in black-and-white (e.g., when printed) and all elements of the figure remain clearly distinguishable.

All types of images are referred to as figures. The caption is given below the figure, with a period at the end; notes follow:

Fig. 1. Figure title [period at the end].

Notes. Click to enlarge. A reduced-size SmartArt-style diagram is shown. All abbreviations and acronyms must be explained in the notes. The heading is "Notes", even if there is only one note [period at the end].

Tables

It is recommended to use the capabilities of Word or Excel when creating a table. Manually typed tables (using many spaces, without cells) are not used.

Default table properties are used. The following are not used: vertical text orientation, shading, hyphens, diagonal cell splitting, and other special formatting.

In mathematical expressions, there is a space before and after mathematical signs; the number of decimal places is the same for quantities of the same name (see the Other section). For example: p = .023. The minus sign is not separated by a space from the negative number: –4.35. En dashes (–) are used for blank dashes, not hyphens (-).

No period is placed after the table number or after the table title. Notes are given below the table.

Units of measurement of indicators must always be specified. The unit of measurement common to all numerical data is given in the table title, for example:

Table 1
Title... (Total score on the test...)

Main table headings are capitalized. Subheadings are capitalized if they are independent, or written in lowercase if they continue the main heading.

Table 1 [bold italic, no period at the end]
Table title: independent subheadings [no period at the end]

 Characteristics

 Group

 1

  2

 Adaptability

 123*

 –0.35**

 Sociability

 

 

Notes. Group 1 – such-and-such; Group 2 – such-and-such. All designations, abbreviations, and acronyms must be explained in the notes below each table. Significance levels: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; Student's t-test. The heading is "Notes", even if there is only one note [period at the end].

Table 2 [bold italic, no period at the end]
Table title: subheadings continue the main heading [no period at the end]

 Features

 

 

 

 of adaptability

 123*

 –0.35**

 of sociability

 

 

Notes. Significance levels: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; Student's t-test. [period at the end].

Particularly important and bulky tables can be given as an appendix – after the main text of the article.

Abbreviations in the Main Text of the Article

Abbreviations and acronyms introduced in the text (names of organizations, instruments, variables, etc.) must be defined at their first use in the text, e.g.: Life-Meaning Orientations Test (LMOT). It is recommended to avoid abbreviations and acronyms where possible or to use them as sparingly as possible. An excess of abbreviations makes the text harder to read.

Quotation text is given without changes, with all spelling characteristics, even if they differ from the journal's rules.

Other Text Formatting Rules

The software used for statistical data processing must always be specified. For example: SPSS 20.0 statistical software package was used for data processing.

Sample size: N = 455. Subsample size: n = 205.

In mathematical expressions, spaces are placed before and after mathematical signs; a decimal point (comma in Russian convention) is used to separate the fractional part of a number: r = 0,25, p ≤ 0,05, N = 10x – 5.

When providing a summary description of a set of results, the p-significance level is given as p ≤ 0.05 or p < 0,05 (the first or second form depending on the specific results), with two/three decimal places: p < 0,05, p < 0,01, p < 0,001, p < 0,000. In tables, the p-level can be indicated by asterisks*, with mandatory explanation of the notation below the table, for example:

Notes. Significance levels: * p < 0,05; ** p < 0,01; *** p < 0,001; Student's t-test.

In other cases, exact specification is recommended, e.g.: p = 0,023. Three decimal places are given, even if the last digit is zero: p = 0,020. If p < 0,001 (e.g., p = 0,0003), in accordance with international practice, p = 0,000 is indicated; the required number of decimal places may be specified: p = 0,00000032. The exact p-level may also be given in tables.

Zeros before the decimal point may be omitted only for values that are definitively less than |1|. The chosen format (0,123 or ,123) should be used consistently throughout the text.

The number of decimal places should be the same for quantities of the same name: if two decimal places, then 5,70 (not 5,7), 2,00 (not 2); if three decimal places, then 1,250 (not 1,25).

The minus (plus) sign is not separated by a space from the number: t = –1.,57.

Ranges of numbers (dates) are given without spaces, e.g.: pp. 30–40, 2001–2007.

The en dash (–) or the special minus sign, not a hyphen (-), is used to indicate minus.

Units are separated from numbers by a space (100 million), except for percentages/per mille and degrees/minutes: 50%, 20°.

All dates in the format "day.month.year" are typed as follows: 03.07.2007 or July 3, 2007.

Numbers with letters in designations are typed without spaces: Fig. 1a, 2007b.

Initials throughout, including in the reference list, are printed without spaces between them, e.g.: A.V., not A. V.

In the text (but not in the reference list), initials before surnames are recommended – without spaces, e.g.: V.V. Ivanov.

Otherwise, a non-breaking space should be inserted between the surname and the initials (e.g., if the surname appears before the initials in a quotation).

To prevent initials from being separated from surnames, units from numbers, the letter "g." from the city name, etc. when viewed on screen, use a non-breaking space by pressing three keys simultaneously: Ctrl Shift Space. In the mode showing non-printing characters, a non-breaking space is displayed as a small circle at the top between the characters.

If necessary, use the reference resources of the gramota.ru portal – it contains dictionaries, online spell-checking, Russian language rules, etc.

Article Text Templates

Authors may use a ready-made template for the full version of the article, incorporating all the necessary formatting norms and publication standards.

Download Template for Russian-Language Version

Download Template for English-Language Version

Ivanov A.A., Sidorov V.V. Article title [Do not write the title in all caps or bold; follow the sample]
Full name of institution without abbreviations, even if they are generally accepted, city, country [Do not indicate the type of organization – NRU, FSEI HPE, etc.]

Abstract

Abstract text with headings. [All paragraphs (sections) of text are separated from one another by a blank line – inserted by an additional press of the Enter key]

Keywords: keywords (phrases) are listed after the colon, separated by commas; 5–6 are recommended (no more than 10–12); no period after the last word.

Acknowledgements
A brief expression of gratitude to individuals and/or organizations – only those directly related to the conduct of the research or the preparation process of the article (scientific consultants, testers, data and figure processors, editors, etc.).

Funding [Grant or program information]

[Sample] The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities, project XX-XX-XXXXX. [The project number is provided; the symbol № is not used. The title is optional, in quotation marks after the stated project number.]

For citation

Author A.A., Author B.B. Article title. [Only author names and article title, period.]

Article address

[Page break here]

Quotation marks in the English version – only “English” quotes, not «Russian» guillemets.

On a new page, place the brief Russian-language version, which does not contain the main text of the article: author name(s); article title; name of institution without abbreviations, even if they are generally accepted, city, country; abstract; keywords; acknowledgements and grant information.

Иванов А.А., Сидоров В.В. Article title in Russian
Full name of institution without abbreviations, even if they are generally accepted, city, country – in Russian

Abstract

Abstract text with headings. [All paragraphs (sections) of text are separated from one another by a blank line]

Keywords: keywords (phrases) are listed in Russian after the colon, separated by commas; 5–6 are recommended (no more than 10–12); no period after the last word

Acknowledgements / Acknowledgement
A brief expression of gratitude to individuals and/or organizations.

Funding [Grant information. Sample]
The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities, project ХХ-ХХ-
The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project ХХ
[The project number is provided; the symbol № is not used. The title is optional, in quotation marks after the stated project number]

For citation

Article address

[Page break here]

Brief preamble – without a heading: scientific context – the broader problem to which the research relates. The literature review follows the preamble and is provided with a substantive heading; it concludes with the formulation of the research aim.

First-level heading [no period at the end]

The template provides examples of three-level headings that are not numbered. Multi-level headings should be clearly distinguishable from one another.
[Please remember to separate paragraphs of text with a blank line]

If it is necessary to number headings, please review the numbering rules in the Headings >>.

Second-level heading [no period at the end; bold italic]

Text text text text text

Third-level heading [no period at the end; italic]

Text text text  text text [And so on]


[Two blank lines]

[Two blank lines]

Appendix

Only if necessary: supplementary materials – tables, figures, etc.

[Two blank lines]

References

Reference list; items are separated from one another by a blank line – inserted by an additional press of the Enter key. Please review the reference formatting rules >>]

[Two blank lines]

Information about author(s). [See also: List of author information]
Ivanov Anton Antonovich. Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor, Associate of the Psychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, Nekrasov Kostroma State University, ul. 1 Maya, 4, 156001 Kostroma, Russia. ORCID: 564XX-455
E-mail: ivanov@nnnnn.ru

List of author information
Full name, in italics. [Period – then capitalize] Academic degree, academic rank [rank is optional], position or level of study, full name [strictly in the nominative case] of the place of work/study without abbreviations, even if they are generally accepted, address in the following order – street, building, postal code and city, country, ORCID number if available.
E-mail: [e-mail address of Ivanov A.A.]

[The author may optionally provide additional information about themselves at their discretion (participation in research projects, areas of interest, personal webpage address, etc.). If there are several authors, only one full postal address for correspondence may be given.]

Conflict of Interest

Author Contributions

Информация об авторе / авторах

Иванов Антон Антонович. Доктор психологических наук, профессор, доцент лаборатории психологии, факультет психологии, Костромской государственный университет им. Н.А.Некрасова, ул. 1 Мая, д. 4, 156001 Кострома, Россия. ORCOD: 564XX-455
E-mail: ivanov@nnnnn.ru

Конфликт интересов

Вклад авторов


Recommended translations of author information
Аспирант – PhD Student.
Доцент – Associate Professor.
Младший научный сотрудник – Junior Research Associate.
Научный сотрудник – Research Associate.
Старший научный сотрудник – Senior  Research Associate.
Ведущий научный сотрудник – Leading Research Associate.
Главный научный сотрудник – Principal Research Associate.
Член-корреспондент [академии наук] – Corresponding Member, [после запятой – Название Академии].
Действительный член [академии наук] – Member, [после запятой – Название Академии].
Декан / Зам. декана – Dean / Vice-Dean.